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字段与 init 方法

初始化 struct 的状态

字段与 __init__ 方法 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 Mojo Academy 课时。这是第 2 节课，共 4 节。你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。这是 Mojo Academy 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 Mojo Academy 课程共包含 4 节课。

本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。

Fields Start Empty

Declaring fields gives a struct its shape, but it does not fill them in. You still need to set each field's starting value. 🧱

Meet init

The special method __init__ runs when you create an instance. Its job is to set up the struct's fields with real values.

fn __init__(out self):
    self.x = 0
    self.y = 0

The self Parameter

Inside __init__, self refers to the new instance being built. You assign to self.field to give that instance its data.

self.x = 0

Why out self

Writing out self tells Mojo this method is constructing the value, so self starts uninitialized and you must fill every field.

fn __init__(out self):

Taking Arguments

An initializer usually takes arguments so each instance can start with different data passed in by the caller.

fn __init__(out self, x: Int, y: Int):
    self.x = x
    self.y = y

Set Every Field

You must assign every field in __init__. Mojo will not let a struct exist with some fields left uninitialized.

Creating an Instance

To build a value, call the struct like a function. Mojo runs __init__ and hands you back a ready instance.

var p = Point(3, 4)

Reading a Field

Once built, reach a field with dot access. So p.x reads the x you stored when the instance was created.

print(p.x, p.y)

Arguments Map to Fields

A common pattern is naming arguments like the fields and assigning each across. This keeps the initializer easy to read.

self.x = x
self.y = y

Default Starting Values

You can give fields sensible defaults by assigning constants in __init__ when no useful argument is provided by the caller.

fn __init__(out self):
    self.x = 0
    self.y = 0

The Full Picture

Fields declare what data exists; __init__ decides its starting value. Together they turn a blueprint into a usable instance.

struct Point:
    var x: Int
    var y: Int
    fn __init__(out self, x: Int, y: Int):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y

Quick Check

Let us confirm how initialization works.

Recap

You used __init__ to set up fields when an instance is born. Next you will add methods so your type can act, not just hold data. ✨

常见问题解答