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使用 Case/When 进行条件聚合

在单个查询中编写分支逻辑

使用 Case/When 进行条件聚合 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 Django Academy 课时。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。这是 Django Academy 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 Django Academy 课程共包含 4 节课。

本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。

Branching Inside a Query

Sometimes you need different results for different rows. Case lets the database choose a value per row, like an if statement in SQL.

The Case and When Pair

A Case holds one or more When branches; each When pairs a condition with the value to use when that condition is true.

from django.db.models import Case, When, Value

A Simple Label

Annotate a computed label by giving each When a condition and a then value, with a default for the rest.

Book.objects.annotate(tier=Case(
  When(price__gte=50, then=Value("premium")),
  default=Value("standard")))

Why Conditional Aggregation

The real power comes from putting Case inside an aggregate, so you can count or sum only the rows that match a condition.

Count Rows That Match

Wrap a Case in Count to tally just the matching rows, since non-matching branches return null and are skipped.

Count(Case(When(active=True, then=1)))

The filter= Shortcut

Modern Django offers a cleaner way: pass filter to an aggregate to count or sum a subset without writing Case yourself.

Count("id", filter=Q(active=True))

Multiple Buckets at Once

Annotate several conditional aggregates together to build a breakdown, like active and inactive counts in one query.

Team.objects.annotate(
  active=Count("member", filter=Q(member__active=True)),
  inactive=Count("member", filter=Q(member__active=False)))

Sum a Subset

The same trick works with Sum, letting you total only the rows that pass a condition, such as paid invoices.

Sum("amount", filter=Q(status="paid"))

Set an output_field

When the value types are not obvious, give Case an output_field so Django knows how to handle the result.

Case(When(...), default=Value(0), output_field=IntegerField())

Order by a Case

You can even order_by a Case annotation to create custom sort priorities that plain field ordering cannot express.

One Trip to the Database

All of this branching runs server-side in a single query, far faster than looping in Python and counting by hand.

Quick Check

You want one number: how many members of a team are active, computed in the database.

Recap

Case and When add per-row branching, and pairing conditions with aggregates, or the filter= shortcut, builds rich breakdowns in one query. 📊

常见问题解答

「使用 Case/When 进行条件聚合」课时是免费的吗？

是的 — 「使用 Case/When 进行条件聚合」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 Django Academy 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 Django Academy 课程共包含 4 节课。

「使用 Case/When 进行条件聚合」这节课中我会学到什么？

在单个查询中编写分支逻辑你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 Django Academy，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。

学习 Django Academy 需要有经验吗？

无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 Django Academy 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。

「使用 Case/When 进行条件聚合」课时需要多长时间？

大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。

我能在这节 Django Academy 课中编写并运行代码吗？

能。每节 Django Academy 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。

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