Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno · 课时

Durable Objects 与有状态协调

使用 Durable Objects 为原本无状态的边缘架构添加强一致性、单实例状态和协调能力。

Durable Objects 与有状态协调 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno 课时。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。这是 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno 课程共包含 4 节课。

本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。

The Stateless Problem

Workers are stateless by design, each request may hit a different instance anywhere on Earth.

That is great for scale, but hard when you need:

A single source of truth
Coordination between many clients
Strong consistency, not eventual

Durable Objects solve exactly this.

What Is a Durable Object?

A Durable Object (DO) is a single, globally-addressable instance with its own private storage.

For a given object ID, all requests route to the same instance, giving you a consistent place to hold state.

Defining a Durable Object Class

A DO is a class with a fetch() method and access to persistent state.storage.

export class Counter {
  constructor(state, env) {
    this.state = state;
  }
  async fetch(request) {
    let count = (await this.state.storage.get('count')) || 0;
    count++;
    await this.state.storage.put('count', count);
    return new Response(String(count));
  }
}

Binding the Object

Declare the DO class as a binding in wrangler.toml and add a migration so Cloudflare knows about it.

[[durable_objects.bindings]]
name = "COUNTER"
class_name = "Counter"

[[migrations]]
tag = "v1"
new_classes = ["Counter"]

Getting an Object Stub

From a Worker, derive an ID then get a stub to talk to that specific instance.

const id = env.COUNTER.idFromName('global-counter');
const stub = env.COUNTER.get(id);
const res = await stub.fetch('https://do/increment');

idFromName vs newUniqueId

Two ways to get an ID:

idFromName('room-42') deterministic, same name always maps to the same object, ideal for named resources like chat rooms
newUniqueId() a brand-new unique object, ideal for per-session state

Strong Consistency Guarantee

Because every request for an ID hits the same instance and runs single-threaded, DO operations are strongly consistent, no race conditions on its own storage.

This makes DOs perfect for counters, locks, and leaderboards.

Coordinating Many Clients

A DO is a natural hub. Combined with WebSockets it can broadcast to all connected clients, the basis for collaborative apps and multiplayer rooms.

// Inside the DO: track sockets and fan out
this.sessions.forEach((ws) => ws.send(message));

Storage API Basics

state.storage is a transactional key-value store local to the object.

await this.state.storage.put('user:1', { name: 'Ada' });
const user = await this.state.storage.get('user:1');
await this.state.storage.delete('user:1');

Alarms for Scheduled Logic

Durable Objects support alarms, schedule the object to wake itself up later for cleanup or timeouts.

await this.state.storage.setAlarm(Date.now() + 60000);
// later, the runtime calls:
async alarm() {
  await this.cleanup();
}

When to Use Durable Objects

Reach for DOs when you need:

Coordination across requests or clients
Strong consistency on a single entity
Real-time rooms, locks, rate counters, or queues

For simple cached reads, KV is cheaper. Choose the right tool.

Quick Check

Which method gives you a deterministic Durable Object ID for a named resource like a chat room?

Recap

Durable Objects bring stateful coordination to the edge:

One globally-addressable instance per ID
Private transactional storage and alarms
Strong consistency and single-threaded execution
Use idFromName for named resources, newUniqueId for sessions

They are the missing piece for real-time, consistent, edge-native systems.

常见问题解答

「Durable Objects 与有状态协调」课时是免费的吗？

是的 — 「Durable Objects 与有状态协调」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno 课程共包含 4 节课。

「Durable Objects 与有状态协调」这节课中我会学到什么？

使用 Durable Objects 为原本无状态的边缘架构添加强一致性、单实例状态和协调能力。你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。

学习 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno 需要有经验吗？

无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。

「Durable Objects 与有状态协调」课时需要多长时间？

大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。

我能在这节 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno 课中编写并运行代码吗？

能。每节 Edge Computing with Cloudflare Workers & Deno 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。

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