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TLS 终止与使用 HTTPS 保护 Ingress

在 Ingress 上配置 TLS、将证书存储为 Secret，并使用 cert-manager 自动签发证书，从而通过 HTTPS 提供流量服务

TLS 终止与使用 HTTPS 保护 Ingress 是 CoddyKit 上的免费 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers 课时。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。你可以在下方免费阅读本课时的完整内容 — 然后在浏览器中使用内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师进行实践。这是 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers 学习路径的一部分，你的进度在网页和 CoddyKit 应用中同步。 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers 课程共包含 4 节课。

本课时的部分内容尚未翻译，以英文显示。

Why TLS at the Ingress

Terminating TLS at the Ingress lets one place handle HTTPS for many backend services, so internal apps can stay plain HTTP while users get encryption.

Certificates Live in Secrets

An Ingress references a TLS certificate stored in a Kubernetes Secret of type kubernetes.io/tls, holding a tls.crt and tls.key.

kubectl create secret tls my-tls \
  --cert=tls.crt --key=tls.key

Adding a tls Block to Ingress

The spec.tls section maps hostnames to the secret that secures them.

spec:
  tls:
    - hosts:
        - app.example.com
      secretName: my-tls
  rules:
    - host: app.example.com
      http:
        paths:
          - path: /
            pathType: Prefix
            backend:
              service:
                name: web
                port:
                  number: 80

How Termination Works

The Ingress controller decrypts incoming HTTPS, then forwards plain HTTP to the backend Service inside the cluster network.

The Certificate Renewal Problem

Certificates expire. Renewing and re-uploading them by hand is error prone, which is why automation tools exist.

Introducing cert-manager

cert-manager is an add-on that watches Ingress/Certificate resources and automatically obtains and renews certificates from issuers like Let us Encrypt.

Defining a ClusterIssuer

A ClusterIssuer tells cert-manager how to get certificates cluster-wide.

apiVersion: cert-manager.io/v1
kind: ClusterIssuer
metadata:
  name: letsencrypt-prod
spec:
  acme:
    server: https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory
    email: admin@example.com
    privateKeySecretRef:
      name: letsencrypt-prod
    solvers:
      - http01:
          ingress:
            class: nginx

Annotating the Ingress

Add an annotation so cert-manager issues a cert and stores it in the named secret automatically.

metadata:
  annotations:
    cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: letsencrypt-prod

HTTP-01 vs DNS-01

HTTP-01 proves domain ownership by serving a token over HTTP; DNS-01 proves it via a DNS TXT record and supports wildcard certificates.

Forcing HTTPS Redirects

Most controllers redirect HTTP to HTTPS by default. With NGINX you can control it via an annotation.

metadata:
  annotations:
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/force-ssl-redirect: "true"

Verifying the Certificate

Check the Certificate resource and inspect the served cert.

kubectl get certificate
openssl s_client -connect app.example.com:443

Quick Check

Test what you have learned.

Recap

You learned to terminate TLS at the Ingress using a tls Secret, automate issuance and renewal with cert-manager and a ClusterIssuer, choose HTTP-01 vs DNS-01, and force HTTPS redirects.

常见问题解答

「TLS 终止与使用 HTTPS 保护 Ingress」课时是免费的吗？

是的 — 「TLS 终止与使用 HTTPS 保护 Ingress」的完整文本可在网页上免费阅读。要进行交互式练习（内置代码编辑器和全天候 AI 导师）并解锁 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers 课程的其余内容，请升级到 CoddyKit PRO。 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers 课程共包含 4 节课。

「TLS 终止与使用 HTTPS 保护 Ingress」这节课中我会学到什么？

在 Ingress 上配置 TLS、将证书存储为 Secret，并使用 cert-manager 自动签发证书，从而通过 HTTPS 提供流量服务你通过在浏览器中直接运行的动手代码来练习 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers，全天候 AI 导师会在你学习这节课的过程中回答你的问题。

学习 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers 需要有经验吗？

无需任何先前经验。CoddyKit 上的 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers 课程适合初学者到高级学习者，你可以从这里开始或从头开始，按照自己的节奏学习。这是第 4 节课，共 4 节。

「TLS 终止与使用 HTTPS 保护 Ingress」课时需要多长时间？

大多数 CoddyKit 课程大约需要 5–10 分钟。每节课都很精短且互动，所以你能稳步进步，并在网页和应用中从离开的地方继续。

我能在这节 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers 课中编写并运行代码吗？

能。每节 Docker & Kubernetes for Developers 课都包含内置代码编辑器，你可以在浏览器中直接编写并运行真实代码，并获得即时 AI 反馈 — 无需本地设置。

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