使用 Azure Pipelines 构建 CI 管道

什么是持续集成

YAML Pipeline 结构

# azure-pipelines.yml skeleton
trigger:
  branches:
    include:
    - main
    - 'feature/*'
  paths:
    exclude:
    - docs/**
    - '*.md'

pool:
  vmImage: ubuntu-latest

variables:
  buildConfiguration: Release
  nodeVersion: '18.x'

stages:
- stage: CI
  displayName: 'Build and Test'
  jobs:
  - job: Build
    displayName: 'Build Application'
    steps: []

触发器配置

# Branch trigger
trigger:
  branches:
    include: [main, develop]

# Pull request trigger
pr:
  branches:
    include: [main]
  autoCancel: true  # Cancel previous runs when PR is updated

# Scheduled trigger (nightly build at 02:00 UTC)
schedules:
- cron: '0 2 * * *'
  displayName: 'Nightly Build'
  branches:
    include: [main]
  always: true  # Run even if no new commits

步骤：脚本和任务

steps:
- task: NodeTool@0
  displayName: 'Install Node.js 18'
  inputs:
    versionSpec: '18.x'

- script: npm ci
  displayName: 'Install dependencies (clean install)'

- script: npm run lint
  displayName: 'Run ESLint'

- script: npm run build
  displayName: 'Build production bundle'

- script: npm test -- --ci --coverage
  displayName: 'Run unit tests with coverage'

发布测试结果

# Example: Node.js project with Jest tests
steps:
- script: npm test -- --ci --reporters=jest-junit
  displayName: 'Run tests with JUnit reporter'
  env:
    JEST_JUNIT_OUTPUT_DIR: '$(Agent.TempDirectory)/test-results'

- task: PublishTestResults@2
  displayName: 'Publish test results'
  inputs:
    testResultsFormat: JUnit
    testResultsFiles: '$(Agent.TempDirectory)/test-results/**/*.xml'
  condition: succeededOrFailed()  # Publish even if tests fail

发布代码覆盖率

# Jest + coverage
- script: npm test -- --ci --coverage --coverageReporters=cobertura
  displayName: 'Run tests with coverage'

- task: PublishCodeCoverageResults@1
  displayName: 'Publish code coverage'
  inputs:
    codeCoverageTool: Cobertura
    summaryFileLocation: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/coverage/cobertura-coverage.xml'
    reportDirectory: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/coverage'

Pipeline 变量和变量组

# Reference a variable group in a pipeline
variables:
- group: 'Production-Secrets'  # Linked to Azure Key Vault
- name: buildConfiguration
  value: Release

# Use a variable
steps:
- script: echo 'Building $(buildConfiguration) configuration'
- script: az webapp deploy --src-path drop.zip
  env:
    AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID: $(AZURE_SUBSCRIPTION_ID)  # From Key Vault
    APP_API_KEY: $(APP_API_KEY)  # Secret, not printed in logs

构建产物：打包构建输出

# Publish build artifact
- task: PublishPipelineArtifact@1
  displayName: 'Publish build artifact'
  inputs:
    targetPath: '$(System.DefaultWorkingDirectory)/dist'
    artifactName: webapp-drop
    publishLocation: pipeline

# In a later deployment job, download the artifact
- task: DownloadPipelineArtifact@2
  inputs:
    artifactName: webapp-drop
    targetPath: '$(Pipeline.Workspace)/drop'

- script: ls -la $(Pipeline.Workspace)/drop

使用并行作业加快构建

stages:
- stage: CI
  jobs:
  - job: UnitTests
    displayName: 'Run unit tests'
    steps:
    - script: npm test

  - job: LintAndSecurity
    displayName: 'Lint and security scan'
    steps:
    - script: npm run lint
    - script: npm audit --audit-level=high

  - job: BuildArtifact
    displayName: 'Build and publish artifact'
    dependsOn: [UnitTests, LintAndSecurity]
    condition: succeeded('UnitTests') and succeeded('LintAndSecurity')
    steps:
    - script: npm run build

使用分支策略进行构建验证

# Add build validation via CLI
az repos policy build create \
  --blocking true \
  --branch main \
  --branch-match-type exact \
  --build-definition-id <pipeline-id> \
  --display-name 'CI Build Validation' \
  --enabled true \
  --project MyProject \
  --repository-id <repo-id> \
  --queue-on-source-update-only true \
  --manual-queue-only false \
  --valid-duration 720  # Pipeline result expires after 12 hours

查看 Pipeline 运行结果

# View pipeline run results via CLI
az pipelines runs list \
  --pipeline-ids <pipeline-id> \
  --project MyProject \
  --query '[].{id:id, status:status, result:result, startTime:startTime}' \
  -o table

# View logs from a specific run
az pipelines runs logs list \
  --run-id <run-id> \
  --project MyProject

快速检查

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