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Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs · Ders

Spring Cloud Gateway ile API Ağ Geçidi

İstekleri yönlendirmek, filtreler uygulamak ve mikro hizmetlerin güvenliğini sağlamak için bir Spring Cloud Gateway kurun.

Spring Cloud Gateway ile API Ağ Geçidi, CoddyKit'te ücretsiz bir Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs dersidir. Bu, 3 dersinin 3. dersidir. Aşağıdan dersin tamamını ücretsiz okuyabilir, sonra tarayıcıda yerleşik kod editörü ve 7/24 yapay zeka koçu ile uygulamalı olarak pratik yapabilirsin. Bu, Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs öğrenme yolunun bir parçasıdır ve ilerlemeniz web ve CoddyKit uygulaması arasında senkronize olur. Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs kursu toplamda 3 dersten oluşur.

Bu dersin bazı bölümleri henüz çevrilmemiş olup İngilizce olarak gösterilmektedir.

Why an API Gateway?

Microservices are great for building scalable applications, but they can introduce complexity. Imagine having many services, each with its own address and port.

An API Gateway acts as a single, unified entry point for all client requests. It funnels incoming traffic to the correct microservice, simplifying how clients interact with your backend.

What is Spring Cloud Gateway?

Spring Cloud Gateway (SCG) is a powerful, reactive API Gateway built on Spring Framework 5, Project Reactor, and Spring Boot 2. It's designed for high performance and scalability.

  • It provides flexible routing based on requests.
  • Enables dynamic filtering of requests and responses.
  • Integrates seamlessly with other Spring Cloud projects.

Setting Up Your Gateway Project

To create a Spring Cloud Gateway application, start with a standard Spring Boot project. The key is to add the spring-cloud-starter-gateway dependency.

This dependency pulls in everything needed to transform your Spring Boot app into an intelligent gateway. Remember to include the spring-cloud-dependencies in your dependencyManagement section.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>3.2.5</version>
    <relativePath/>
  </parent>
  <groupId>com.coddykit</groupId>
  <artifactId>gateway</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>gateway</name>
  <description>Demo project for Spring Cloud Gateway</description>
  <properties>
    <java.version>17</java.version>
    <spring-cloud.version>2023.0.1</spring-cloud.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
</project>

Defining Basic Routes

Routes are the core of an API Gateway. They tell the gateway how to forward incoming requests to the correct backend service. Routes are defined using predicates and a target URI.

Here, the Path=/hello/** predicate matches any request path starting with /hello/ and routes it to http://localhost:8081.

server:
  port: 8080

spring:
  application:
    name: api-gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: hello_route
          uri: http://localhost:8081
          predicates:
            - Path=/hello/**

Testing Your Gateway Route

To test the route, you'd typically have a backend microservice running. Let's imagine a simple 'hello-service' running on http://localhost:8081 that responds to any /hello/** path.

  • Start your Gateway application (e.g., on port 8080).
  • Make a request to http://localhost:8080/hello/world.
  • The Gateway intercepts it and forwards it to http://localhost:8081/hello/world.
  • The response from 'hello-service' is then sent back to the client via the Gateway.

Introducing Gateway Filters

Gateway Filters are functions that allow you to modify requests and responses as they pass through the gateway. They are incredibly powerful for implementing cross-cutting concerns.

  • Request Filters: Modify the request before it reaches the target service.
  • Response Filters: Modify the response before it's sent back to the client.

Filters can be applied globally to all routes or specifically to individual routes.

Applying a Simple Filter: AddRequestHeader

Let's enhance our hello_route with a filter. The AddRequestHeader filter is a built-in filter that adds a specified header to the request before forwarding it.

This is useful for injecting correlation IDs, security tokens, or origin information into requests sent to downstream services.

server:
  port: 8080

spring:
  application:
    name: api-gateway
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: hello_route_with_header
          uri: http://localhost:8081
          predicates:
            - Path=/hello/**
          filters:
            - AddRequestHeader=X-Request-Source, Gateway

Centralizing Security with Gateway

An API Gateway is an ideal place to centralize security mechanisms for your microservices. Instead of implementing authentication and authorization in every service, the gateway can handle it once.

  • Authentication: Validate user credentials or tokens (e.g., JWT).
  • Authorization: Check if the authenticated user has permission for the requested resource.
  • If checks pass, the request proceeds; otherwise, it's rejected at the gateway level.

Beyond Built-in Filters: Custom Filters

While Spring Cloud Gateway provides many useful built-in filters, you might need custom logic. You can create your own filters by implementing the GlobalFilter and Ordered interfaces.

Custom filters are perfect for unique logging requirements, advanced metrics collection, or bespoke security checks that apply across your entire API landscape.

Gateway Concepts Check

Test your understanding of API Gateway fundamentals!

Recap: API Gateway Power

Great job! In this lesson, we explored the crucial role of an API Gateway in a microservices environment, specifically using Spring Cloud Gateway.

  • We understood its purpose as a single entry point.
  • Learned to configure basic routing with predicates.
  • Discovered how filters can modify requests and responses.
  • Touched upon its importance in centralizing security.

API Gateways are essential for building robust, secure, and manageable microservice systems.

Sıkça Sorulan Sorular

“Spring Cloud Gateway ile API Ağ Geçidi” dersi ücretsiz mi?

Evet — “Spring Cloud Gateway ile API Ağ Geçidi” dersin tüm metni burada web'de ücretsiz olarak okunabilir. Etkileşimli olarak pratik yapmak (yerleşik kod editörü ve 7/24 yapay zeka koçu) ve Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs kursunun geri kalanını açmak için CoddyKit PRO'ya yükselt. Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs kursu toplamda 3 dersten oluşur.

“Spring Cloud Gateway ile API Ağ Geçidi” dersinde ne öğreneceğim?

İstekleri yönlendirmek, filtreler uygulamak ve mikro hizmetlerin güvenliğini sağlamak için bir Spring Cloud Gateway kurun. Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs ile uygulamalı kodu tarayıcıda doğrudan çalıştırarak pratik yaparsın ve 7/24 yapay zeka koçu dersi çalışırken sorularını yanıtlar.

Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs öğrenmeye başlamak için deneyim gerekli mi?

Önceden deneyim gerekmez. CoddyKit'te Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs, başlangıçtan ileri seviyeye kadar yapılandırıldığı için buradan başlayabilir veya başından başlayıp kendi hızında ilerleme yapabilirsin. Bu, 3 dersinin 3. dersidir.

“Spring Cloud Gateway ile API Ağ Geçidi” dersi ne kadar sürer?

Çoğu CoddyKit dersi yaklaşık 5–10 dakika sürer. Her biri kısa ve etkileşimli olduğu için sabit ilerleme yaparsın ve web ile uygulama arasında tam olarak bıraktığın yerden devam edebilirsin.

Bu Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs dersinde kod yazıp çalıştırabilir miyim?

Evet. Her Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs dersi yerleşik bir kod editörü içerir, bu sayede tarayıcıda gerçek kod yazıp çalıştırabilir ve anlık yapay zeka geri bildirimi alırsın — yerel kurulum gerekli değildir.

Bu kursun tüm dersleri

  1. Eureka Hizmet Keşfini Uygulama
  2. Ribbon ile İstemci Taraflı Yük Dengeleme
  3. Spring Cloud Gateway ile API Ağ Geçidi
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