สถานะและตัวลด; การกำหนดชนิดข้อมูล Context

บทนำ

useState ที่ระบุชนิด

import React, { useState } from "react"

export default function Counter() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState<number>(0)

  const inc = () => setCount(c => c + 1)
  const dec = () => setCount(c => c - 1)

  return (
    <div style={{ display: "grid", gap: 8 }}>
      <div>Count: {count}</div>
      <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: 8 }}>
        <button onClick={inc}>+1</button>
        <button onClick={dec}>-1</button>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

useReducer ที่ระบุชนิด

import React, { useReducer } from "react"

type State = { count: number }

type Action =
  | { type: "inc" }
  | { type: "add"; by: number }
  | { type: "reset" }

function reducer(s: State, a: Action): State {
  switch (a.type) {
    case "inc": return { count: s.count + 1 }
    case "add": return { count: s.count + a.by }
    case "reset": return { count: 0 }
  }
}

export default function App() {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, { count: 0 })
  return (
    <div style={{ display: "grid", gap: 8 }}>
      <div>Count: {state.count}</div>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "inc" })}>+1</button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "add", by: 5 })}>+5</button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "reset" })}>Reset</button>
    </div>
  )
}

บริบทและฮุก

import React, { createContext, useContext, useReducer } from "react"

type State = { count: number }

type Action = { type: "inc" } | { type: "add"; by: number } | { type: "reset" }

function reducer(s: State, a: Action): State {
  switch (a.type) {
    case "inc": return { count: s.count + 1 }
    case "add": return { count: s.count + a.by }
    case "reset": return { count: 0 }
  }
}

type Ctx = { state: State; dispatch: React.Dispatch<Action> }

const CounterCtx = createContext<Ctx | null>(null)

export function useCounter() {
  const ctx = useContext(CounterCtx)
  if (!ctx) throw new Error("useCounter must be used within CounterProvider")
  return ctx
}

export function CounterProvider({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, { count: 0 })
  return <CounterCtx.Provider value={{ state, dispatch }}>{children}</CounterCtx.Provider>
}

export default function App() {
  return (
    <CounterProvider>
      <Inner />
    </CounterProvider>
  )
}

function Inner() {
  const { state, dispatch } = useCounter()
  return (
    <div style={{ display: "grid", gap: 8 }}>
      <div>Count: {state.count}</div>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "inc" })}>+1</button>
    </div>
  )
}

รูปแบบบริบทและตัวลด

import React from "react"
import { CounterProvider, useCounter } from "./ctx"

function Controls() {
  const { dispatch } = useCounter()
  return (
    <div style={{ display: "flex", gap: 8 }}>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "inc" })}>+1</button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "add", by: 10 })}>+10</button>
      <button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "reset" })}>Reset</button>
    </div>
  )
}

function View() {
  const { state } = useCounter()
  return <div>Count: {state.count}</div>
}

export default function App() {
  return (
    <CounterProvider>
      <div style={{ display: "grid", gap: 8 }}>
        <View />
        <Controls />
      </div>
    </CounterProvider>
  )
}

แนวทางปฏิบัติที่ดี

ตรวจสอบการระบุชนิดของบริบท

สรุปทบทวน