การถอดรหัสด้วย JSONDecoder

การสร้าง JSONDecoder

import Foundation

struct City: Codable {
    var name: String
    var population: Int
}

let json = "{\"name\":\"Oslo\",\"population\":700000}"
let data = json.data(using: .utf8)!
let city = try JSONDecoder().decode(City.self, from: data)
print(city.name, city.population)

การส่งชนิดข้อมูลด้วย .self

import Foundation

struct Flag: Codable { var ok: Bool }

let data = "{\"ok\":true}".data(using: .utf8)!
let result = try JSONDecoder().decode(Flag.self, from: data)
print(result.ok)

การถอดรหัสอาร์เรย์

import Foundation

let json = "[10, 20, 30]"
let data = json.data(using: .utf8)!
let numbers = try JSONDecoder().decode([Int].self, from: data)
print(numbers.reduce(0, +))

การถอดรหัสออบเจ็กต์ที่ซ้อนกัน

import Foundation

struct Coord: Codable { var lat: Double; var lon: Double }
struct Place: Codable { var name: String; var coord: Coord }

let json = "{\"name\":\"X\",\"coord\":{\"lat\":1.0,\"lon\":2.0}}"
let p = try JSONDecoder().decode(Place.self, from: json.data(using: .utf8)!)
print(p.coord.lat, p.coord.lon)

การดักจับข้อผิดพลาดในการถอดรหัส

import Foundation

struct User: Codable { var name: String }

let bad = "{\"wrong\":1}".data(using: .utf8)!
do {
    let u = try JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: bad)
    print(u.name)
} catch {
    print("Failed:", error)
}

ข้อผิดพลาด keyNotFound

import Foundation

struct User: Codable { var name: String }

let bad = "{}".data(using: .utf8)!
do {
    _ = try JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: bad)
} catch let DecodingError.keyNotFound(key, _) {
    print("Missing key:", key.stringValue)
} catch {
    print("Other error:", error)
}

ข้อผิดพลาด typeMismatch

import Foundation

struct Count: Codable { var n: Int }

let bad = "{\"n\":\"oops\"}".data(using: .utf8)!
do {
    _ = try JSONDecoder().decode(Count.self, from: bad)
} catch let DecodingError.typeMismatch(type, _) {
    print("Type mismatch, expected:", type)
} catch {
    print("Other:", error)
}

ข้อผิดพลาด dataCorrupted

import Foundation

struct User: Codable { var name: String }

let bad = "not json".data(using: .utf8)!
do {
    _ = try JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: bad)
} catch is DecodingError {
    print("Decoding failed: data corrupted")
} catch {
    print("Other:", error)
}

การถอดรหัสเป็นค่าออปชันนัล

import Foundation

struct Profile: Codable {
    var name: String
    var bio: String?
}

let json = "{\"name\":\"Kai\"}"
let p = try JSONDecoder().decode(Profile.self, from: json.data(using: .utf8)!)
print(p.name, p.bio ?? "no bio")

การใช้ตัวถอดรหัสซ้ำ

import Foundation

struct Word: Codable { var text: String }

let decoder = JSONDecoder()
let inputs = ["{\"text\":\"hi\"}", "{\"text\":\"bye\"}"]
for s in inputs {
    let w = try decoder.decode(Word.self, from: s.data(using: .utf8)!)
    print(w.text)
}

ถอดรหัส ตรวจสอบ และนำไปใช้

import Foundation

struct Weather: Codable {
    var city: String
    var temp: Double
}

let json = "{\"city\":\"Rome\",\"temp\":21.5}"
do {
    let w = try JSONDecoder().decode(Weather.self, from: json.data(using: .utf8)!)
    print("\(w.city): \(w.temp)C")
} catch {
    print("Decode error:", error)
}

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจอย่างรวดเร็ว: JSONDecoder

ทบทวน: การถอดรหัสด้วย JSONDecoder