บทนำสู่ Futures และ Promises

โค้ดแบบอะซิงโครนัส: เหตุใดจึงสำคัญ

ปัญหาของการเรียกที่บล็อกการทำงาน

ทำความรู้จัก Scala Futures

สร้าง Future แรกของคุณ

import scala.concurrent.{Future, ExecutionContext}
import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
import scala.util.{Failure, Success}

object Main extends App {
  println("Starting computation...")

  val f: Future[Int] = Future {
    Thread.sleep(1000) // Simulate a long operation
    42
  }

  f.onComplete {
    case Success(value) => println(s"Result: $value")
    case Failure(e) => println(s"Error: ${e.getMessage}")
  }

  println("Computation started, continuing...")
  // Keep main thread alive for a bit to see Future's result
  Thread.sleep(2000)
}

ทำความเข้าใจ ExecutionContext

จัดการผลลัพธ์ของ Future: onComplete

import scala.concurrent.{Future, ExecutionContext}
import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
import scala.util.{Failure, Success}

object Main extends App {
  val futureSuccess = Future { 10 / 2 }
  val futureFailure = Future { 10 / 0 }

  futureSuccess.onComplete {
    case Success(result) => println(s"Success: $result")
    case Failure(e) => println(s"Error: ${e.getMessage}")
  }

  futureFailure.onComplete {
    case Success(result) => println(s"Success: $result")
    case Failure(e) => println(s"Error: ${e.getMessage}")
  }

  Thread.sleep(100) // Allow Futures to complete and print
}

ตัวจัดการแบบง่าย: Success/Failure

import scala.concurrent.{Future, ExecutionContext}
import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global

object Main extends App {
  val futureValue = Future { "Hello, Scala!" }

  futureValue.onSuccess { case msg => println(s"Got message: $msg") }
  futureValue.onFailure { case e => println(s"Oops, an error: ${e.getMessage}") }

  val futureError = Future { throw new RuntimeException("Something broke!") }

  futureError.onSuccess { case msg => println(s"Got message: $msg") }
  futureError.onFailure { case e => println(s"Oops, an error: ${e.getMessage}") }

  Thread.sleep(100) // Allow Futures to complete and print
}

Scala Promise คืออะไร

ทำให้ Promise เสร็จสมบูรณ์

import scala.concurrent.{Future, Promise, ExecutionContext}
import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
import scala.util.{Failure, Success}

object Main extends App {
  val p = Promise[String]() // Create a Promise that will hold a String
  val f: Future[String] = p.future // Get the Future associated with the Promise

  f.onComplete {
    case Success(value) => println(s"Future completed with: '$value'")
    case Failure(e) => println(s"Future failed with: ${e.getMessage}")
  }

  // Simulate an async operation completing the promise
  Future {
    Thread.sleep(500)
    p.success("Data fetched successfully!") // Complete the Promise
  }

  println("Promise created, waiting for completion...")
  Thread.sleep(1000) // Keep main thread alive to see Future's result
}

การทำงานร่วมกันของ Futures และ Promises

import scala.concurrent.{Future, Promise, ExecutionContext}
import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
import scala.util.{Failure, Success}

object Main extends App {
  def performLongTask(data: String): Future[String] = {
    val p = Promise[String]()
    // Simulate an external system or callback-based API
    Future {
      Thread.sleep(700)
      if (data == "fail") p.failure(new Exception("Task failed!"))
      else p.success(s"Processed: $data")
    }
    p.future // Return the Future that will be completed by the Promise
  }

  val task1 = performLongTask("input data")
  task1.onComplete { case Success(res) => println(s"Task 1: $res") case Failure(e) => println(s"Task 1: ${e.getMessage}") }

  val task2 = performLongTask("fail")
  task2.onComplete { case Success(res) => println(s"Task 2: $res") case Failure(e) => println(s"Task 2: ${e.getMessage}") }

  Thread.sleep(1500) // Keep main thread alive for results
}

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจอย่างรวดเร็ว: Future เทียบกับ Promise

สรุป: Futures และ Promises