การแทรกการพึ่งพาและการยืนยันตัวตน

การฉีดการพึ่งพาคืออะไร

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
app = FastAPI()

def get_db():
    db = connect_db()
    try: yield db
    finally: db.close()

@app.get("/users")
def list_users(db = Depends(get_db)):
    return db.query_all("users")

ฟังก์ชันการพึ่งพา

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
app = FastAPI()

def common_params(skip: int = 0, limit: int = 10):
    return {"skip": skip, "limit": limit}

@app.get("/items")
def list_items(params: dict = Depends(common_params)):
    return params

@app.get("/users")
def list_users(params: dict = Depends(common_params)):
    return params

การพึ่งพาแบบคลาส

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Query
app = FastAPI()

class Pagination:
    def __init__(self, page: int = Query(1,ge=1), size: int = Query(10,ge=1,le=100)):
        self.page = page
        self.size = size
        self.offset = (page - 1) * size

@app.get("/items")
def list_items(pag: Pagination = Depends()):
    return {"offset": pag.offset, "size": pag.size}

OAuth2 Password Bearer

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer
app = FastAPI()

oauth2 = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="/token")

@app.get("/me")
def me(token: str = Depends(oauth2)):
    return {"token": token}   # validate token here

โทเค็น JWT

# pip install python-jose passlib
from jose import jwt, JWTError

SECRET_KEY = "change-me"
ALGORITHM = "HS256"

def create_token(data: dict) -> str:
    return jwt.encode(data, SECRET_KEY, algorithm=ALGORITHM)

def verify_token(token: str) -> dict:
    return jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=[ALGORITHM])

การพึ่งพาผู้ใช้ปัจจุบัน

from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer
from jose import jwt, JWTError

oauth2 = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="/token")

def get_current_user(token: str = Depends(oauth2)):
    try:
        payload = jwt.decode(token, SECRET_KEY, algorithms=["HS256"])
        return payload["sub"]
    except JWTError:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Invalid token")

# @app.get("/me")
# def me(user=Depends(get_current_user)): return user

การแฮชรหัสผ่าน

from passlib.context import CryptContext

pwd_ctx = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")

def hash_pw(plain: str) -> str:
    return pwd_ctx.hash(plain)

def verify_pw(plain: str, hashed: str) -> bool:
    return pwd_ctx.verify(plain, hashed)

จุดปลายทางโทเค็น

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, HTTPException
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
app = FastAPI()

@app.post("/token")
def login(form: OAuth2PasswordRequestForm = Depends()):
    user = get_user_by_username(form.username)
    if not user or not verify_pw(form.password, user.hashed_pw):
        raise HTTPException(status_code=401, detail="Bad credentials")
    token = create_token({"sub": form.username})
    return {"access_token": token, "token_type": "bearer"}

การยืนยันตัวตนด้วยคีย์ API

from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException, Security
from fastapi.security import APIKeyHeader

API_KEY_HEADER = APIKeyHeader(name="X-API-Key")

def require_api_key(key: str = Security(API_KEY_HEADER)):
    if key != "secret-key":
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Forbidden")
    return key

การควบคุมการเข้าถึงตามบทบาท

from fastapi import Depends, HTTPException

def require_admin(user=Depends(get_current_user)):
    if user.get("role") != "admin":
        raise HTTPException(status_code=403, detail="Admins only")
    return user

# @app.delete("/users/{uid}")
# def delete_user(uid: int, admin=Depends(require_admin)):

การแคชการพึ่งพา

# The same db session object is shared:
@app.get("/summary")
def summary(
    db = Depends(get_db),      # db resolved once
    stats = Depends(get_stats) # get_stats also uses get_db — same db instance
): ...

ตรวจสอบด่วน

สรุปทบทวน