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A servo motor doesn't just spin freely. You tell it an exact angle, and it turns there and holds, perfect for arms, levers, and pointers. 🦾

Unlike a plain DC motor that just goes fast or slow, a servo cares about position. Ask for 90 degrees and it parks the arm right there.

A standard hobby servo sweeps over a 0 to 180 degree range. That half-circle is enough to steer, tilt, or open and close all kinds of little mechanisms.

You command the angle with a pulse sent about every 20 milliseconds. The width of that pulse is the actual message the servo listens to.

The pulse width sets the target. Roughly 1 millisecond means 0 degrees, 1.5 means the middle, and 2 means near 180.

A built-in potentiometer tells the servo where its shaft actually is. Internal circuitry compares that to your target and nudges the motor until they match.

This constant compare-and-correct is called a feedback loop. It's why a servo can push back against a load and stubbornly hold its angle.

Most servos have three wires: power, ground, and signal. Power and ground keep it alive; the signal wire carries those angle pulses.

The signal wire is usually orange or yellow, power is red, and ground is brown or black. That color habit makes wiring far less confusing.

Servos can pull more current than an Arduino pin likes to give. For more than one, power them from a separate supply to keep your board stable.

A continuous-rotation servo is different: it spins endlessly and you set speed, not angle. This course uses the standard angle kind.

Let's check how a servo understands what angle you want.

A servo turns to an exact angle and holds it, guided by pulse width and an internal feedback loop. Three wires, 0 to 180, and you're ready to control it. 🎯