กลไก expect/actual สำหรับ API ของแพลตฟอร์ม

รูปแบบ expect/actual

// commonMain:
expect fun platformName(): String

// androidMain:
actual fun platformName(): String = "Android ${android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT}"

// iosMain:
actual fun platformName(): String = UIDevice.currentDevice.systemName()

expect class

// commonMain:
expect class DateTime {
    fun format(pattern: String): String
    val timestamp: Long
}

// androidMain:
actual class DateTime {
    actual val timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis()
    actual fun format(pattern: String): String =
        java.text.SimpleDateFormat(pattern).format(java.util.Date(timestamp))
}

expect object

// commonMain:
expect object Logger {
    fun debug(msg: String)
    fun error(msg: String, cause: Throwable? = null)
}

// androidMain:
actual object Logger {
    actual fun debug(msg: String) = android.util.Log.d("App", msg)
    actual fun error(msg: String, cause: Throwable?) =
        android.util.Log.e("App", msg, cause)
}

expect val / fun ระดับบนสุด

// commonMain:
expect val isDebugBuild: Boolean
expect fun generateUUID(): String

// androidMain:
actual val isDebugBuild: Boolean = BuildConfig.DEBUG
actual fun generateUUID(): String = java.util.UUID.randomUUID().toString()

// iosMain:
actual val isDebugBuild: Boolean = false // or a native flag
actual fun generateUUID(): String = NSUUID().UUIDString()

expect fun พร้อมการใช้งานเริ่มต้น

// commonMain (Kotlin 1.9+):
expect fun log(msg: String) {
    println("[DEFAULT] $msg") // used if no actual overrides
}

// androidMain:
actual fun log(msg: String) = android.util.Log.d("KMP", msg)

// iosMain (uses default):
// no actual needed — default is used

Actual Typealias

// commonMain:
expect class AtomicInt {
    fun get(): Int
    fun incrementAndGet(): Int
}

// androidMain / jvmMain:
actual typealias AtomicInt = java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger

// iosMain:
actual class AtomicInt {
    private var value = 0
    actual fun get() = value
    actual fun incrementAndGet() = ++value
}

expect interface (รูปแบบทางอ้อม)

// commonMain:
interface FileStorage {
    suspend fun readFile(path: String): ByteArray
    suspend fun writeFile(path: String, data: ByteArray)
}
expect fun createFileStorage(): FileStorage

// androidMain:
actual fun createFileStorage(): FileStorage = AndroidFileStorage()

// iosMain:
actual fun createFileStorage(): FileStorage = IosFileStorage()

การทดสอบด้วย expect/actual

// commonTest:
import kotlin.test.Test
import kotlin.test.assertNotNull
class PlatformTest {
    @Test
    fun testUUID() {
        val uuid = generateUUID()
        assertNotNull(uuid)
        println("UUID: $uuid")
    }
}

ข้อผิดพลาดที่พบบ่อย

// If you add a new target (e.g., jvmMain), you must add:
// actual fun platformName(): String = "JVM"
// Otherwise:
// error: Expected function platformName has no actual declaration in module :shared for JVM
fun main() { println("Missing actuals = compile error") }

คลาสคำอธิบายประกอบ expect

// commonMain:
expect annotation class CommonParcelize()

// androidMain:
@Target(AnnotationTarget.CLASS)
@Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY)
actual annotation class CommonParcelize

// iosMain:
@Target(AnnotationTarget.CLASS)
@Retention(AnnotationRetention.BINARY)
actual annotation class CommonParcelize

กรณีใช้งานจริง: Keychain/Preferences

// commonMain:
expect class SecureStorage {
    fun save(key: String, value: String)
    fun get(key: String): String?
}

// androidMain:
actual class SecureStorage {
    private val prefs = /* EncryptedSharedPreferences */ mapOf<String,String>()
    actual fun save(key: String, value: String) { /* ... */ }
    actual fun get(key: String): String? = null // simplified
}

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