ชนิดของ Channel: Rendezvous, Buffered, Conflated, Unlimited

ตัวสร้างแชนเนล

import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel
val rendezvous = Channel<Int>()              // capacity 0
val buffered   = Channel<Int>(64)            // capacity 64
val unlimited  = Channel<Int>(Channel.UNLIMITED)
val conflated  = Channel<Int>(Channel.CONFLATED)
fun main() { println("Channel types created") }

แชนเนล Rendezvous (capacity=0)

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val ch = Channel<Int>() // rendezvous
    launch {
        println("Sending...")
        ch.send(1)  // suspends until receiver is ready
        println("Sent")
    }
    delay(100)
    println("Receiving...")
    println(ch.receive())
}

แชนเนลแบบมีบัฟเฟอร์

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val ch = Channel<Int>(3) // buffer of 3
    launch {
        repeat(3) {
            println("Sending $it")
            ch.send(it) // does not suspend until buffer full
        }
        ch.close()
    }
    delay(500)
    for (v in ch) println("Got $v")
}

Channel.BUFFERED

import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel
import kotlinx.coroutines.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val ch = Channel<String>(Channel.BUFFERED)
    println("Default buffer capacity is implementation-defined (~64)")
    ch.close()
}

แชนเนลไม่จำกัด

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val ch = Channel<Int>(Channel.UNLIMITED)
    launch {
        repeat(1000) { ch.send(it) } // never suspends
        ch.close()
    }
    var sum = 0
    for (v in ch) sum += v
    println("Sum: $sum")
}

แชนเนลแบบรวมค่า

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val ch = Channel<Int>(Channel.CONFLATED)
    launch {
        repeat(5) { ch.send(it) } // 0..4 sent rapidly
        ch.close()
    }
    delay(50) // let all sends happen
    println("Received: ${ch.tryReceive().getOrNull()}") // likely 4 (last)
}

จังหวะการทำงานของ RENDEZVOUS กับ BUFFERED

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val ch = Channel<Int>(Channel.BUFFERED)
    val t = System.currentTimeMillis()
    launch {
        repeat(5) { ch.send(it) } // fast — doesn't wait
        ch.close()
    }
    for (v in ch) { delay(100); println("$v at ${System.currentTimeMillis()-t}ms") }
}

กลยุทธ์ onBufferOverflow

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val ch = Channel<Int>(2, BufferOverflow.DROP_OLDEST)
    launch {
        repeat(5) { ch.trySend(it) } // 0,1,2,3,4 — buffer keeps newest 2
        ch.close()
    }
    for (v in ch) println(v) // likely 3 4
}

การเลือกชนิดแชนเนล

import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.Channel
// Use cases:
// RENDEZVOUS  — handshake between producer and consumer
// BUFFERED    — decouple I/O-heavy producer from slow consumer
// CONFLATED   — UI updates (only latest matters)
// UNLIMITED   — audit log (never drop)
fun main() { println("Choose based on your loss tolerance and timing needs") }

แชนเนลใน select

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.selects.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val a = produce { delay(100); send("from a") }
    val b = produce { delay(50);  send("from b") }
    val result = select<String> {
        a.onReceive { it }
        b.onReceive { it }
    }
    println(result) // "from b"
    coroutineContext.cancelChildren()
}

แชนเนลตัวจับเวลา

import kotlinx.coroutines.*
import kotlinx.coroutines.channels.*
fun main() = runBlocking {
    val ticker = ticker(delayMillis = 100, initialDelayMillis = 0)
    var count = 0
    for (tick in ticker) {
        println("Tick ${++count}")
        if (count == 3) { ticker.cancel(); break }
    }
}

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจอย่างรวดเร็ว

สรุปทบทวน