TreeSet และ NavigableSet

TreeSet คืออะไร

import java.util.TreeSet;

TreeSet<String> names = new TreeSet<>();
names.add("Charlie");
names.add("Alice");
names.add("Bob");
names.add("Alice"); // duplicate ignored

for (String s : names) System.out.print(s + " ");
// Alice Bob Charlie

เมธอดของ NavigableSet: floor, ceiling, lower, higher

TreeSet<Integer> set = new TreeSet<>();
for (int i = 10; i <= 50; i += 10) set.add(i);
// {10, 20, 30, 40, 50}

System.out.println(set.floor(25));   // 20 (greatest ≤ 25)
System.out.println(set.ceiling(25)); // 30 (smallest ≥ 25)
System.out.println(set.lower(30));   // 20 (strictly less)
System.out.println(set.higher(30));  // 40 (strictly greater)

first, last, pollFirst, pollLast

TreeSet<String> ts = new TreeSet<>(Set.of("cherry","apple","banana","date"));

System.out.println(ts.first());       // apple
System.out.println(ts.last());        // date
System.out.println(ts.pollFirst());   // apple (removed)
System.out.println(ts.pollLast());    // date (removed)
System.out.println(ts);              // [banana, cherry]

headSet, tailSet, subSet

TreeSet<Integer> set = new TreeSet<>(Set.of(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10));

System.out.println(set.headSet(5));      // [1, 2, 3, 4]
System.out.println(set.tailSet(7));      // [7, 8, 9, 10]
System.out.println(set.subSet(3, 7));    // [3, 4, 5, 6]

// Inclusive upper bound:
System.out.println(set.subSet(3, true, 7, true)); // [3,4,5,6,7]

การวนซ้ำแบบย้อนกลับ

TreeSet<Integer> ts = new TreeSet<>(Set.of(1,3,5,7,9));

// Descending iterator
var it = ts.descendingIterator();
while (it.hasNext()) System.out.print(it.next() + " ");
// 9 7 5 3 1

การจัดลำดับแบบกำหนดเองด้วย Comparator

TreeSet<String> byLength = new TreeSet<>(
    Comparator.comparingInt(String::length)
              .thenComparing(Comparator.naturalOrder())
);
byLength.add("Hi");
byLength.add("Hello");
byLength.add("Hey");
byLength.add("Java");

for (String s : byLength) System.out.print(s + " ");
// Hi Hey Java Hello

กรณีใช้งาน: ชื่อผู้ใช้ที่ไม่ซ้ำและเรียงลำดับ

TreeSet<String> users = new TreeSet<>();
users.add("alice");
users.add("bob");
users.add("alice"); // ignored
users.add("carol");

System.out.println(users.first()); // alice
System.out.println(users);         // [alice, bob, carol]

กรณีใช้งาน: การนับตามช่วง

TreeSet<Integer> scores = new TreeSet<>();
for (int s : new int[]{45,62,78,55,90,88,34,71}) scores.add(s);

// Scores between 60 and 89 (inclusive)
int count = scores.subSet(60, true, 89, true).size();
System.out.println("Students in B range: " + count); // 3 (62, 78, 88... wait: 62,78,71,88=4)
// Actually: 62,71,78,88 = 4

TreeSet เทียบกับ HashSet และ LinkedHashSet

สมาชิกค่าว่าง

TreeSet<String> ts = new TreeSet<>();
try {
    ts.add(null); // throws NullPointerException
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
    System.out.println("Cannot add null: " + e);
}

ความปลอดภัยต่อการทำงานหลายเธรด

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจ

สรุป: TreeSet และ NavigableSet