Path: การแทนตำแหน่งไฟล์

บทนำสู่ Path

import java.nio.file.*;

Path p1 = Path.of("/home/user/documents/report.txt");
Path p2 = Paths.get("/home", "user", "documents", "report.txt");

System.out.println(p1); // /home/user/documents/report.txt
System.out.println(p1.equals(p2)); // true

องค์ประกอบของ Path

Path path = Path.of("/home/user/docs/report.txt");

System.out.println(path.getFileName()); // report.txt
System.out.println(path.getParent());   // /home/user/docs
System.out.println(path.getRoot());     // /
System.out.println(path.getNameCount()); // 4
System.out.println(path.getName(0));    // home
System.out.println(path.getName(3));    // report.txt

Path แบบสัมพัทธ์และแบบสัมบูรณ์

Path rel = Path.of("docs/report.txt");
Path abs = Path.of("/home/user/docs/report.txt");

System.out.println(rel.isAbsolute()); // false
System.out.println(abs.isAbsolute()); // true

Path resolved = rel.toAbsolutePath(); // resolves against CWD
System.out.println(resolved);

resolve: การรวม Path

Path base = Path.of("/home/user");
Path docs = base.resolve("documents");
Path file = docs.resolve("report.txt");

System.out.println(file); // /home/user/documents/report.txt

// Resolving an absolute path replaces:
Path abs = base.resolve(Path.of("/etc/config"));
System.out.println(abs); // /etc/config

relativize: การคำนวณ Path แบบสัมพัทธ์

Path from = Path.of("/home/user");
Path to   = Path.of("/home/user/docs/report.txt");

Path rel = from.relativize(to);
System.out.println(rel); // docs/report.txt

// Verify:
System.out.println(from.resolve(rel)); // /home/user/docs/report.txt

normalize: การลบส่วนซ้ำซ้อน

Path messy = Path.of("/home/user/../user/./docs/./report.txt");
Path clean = messy.normalize();
System.out.println(clean); // /home/user/docs/report.txt

startsWith และ endsWith

Path p = Path.of("/home/user/docs/report.txt");

System.out.println(p.startsWith("/home/user")); // true
System.out.println(p.startsWith("/home/other")); // false
System.out.println(p.endsWith("report.txt"));    // true
System.out.println(p.endsWith("docs/report.txt")); // true

การแปลงเป็น File และ URI

Path path = Path.of("/home/user/report.txt");

java.io.File file = path.toFile();
System.out.println(file.exists()); // depends on filesystem

java.net.URI uri = path.toUri();
System.out.println(uri); // file:///home/user/report.txt

Path บนแพลตฟอร์มต่างกัน

// Portable path construction (works on all platforms):
Path config = Path.of("config", "app", "settings.json");
// On Unix: config/app/settings.json
// On Windows: config\app\settings.json
System.out.println(config);

การวนซ้ำองค์ประกอบของ Path

Path path = Path.of("/home/user/docs/report.txt");

for (Path element : path) {
    System.out.println(element); // home, user, docs, report.txt
}
// Note: root ("/") is not included in iteration

subpath: การดึงส่วนย่อย

Path p = Path.of("/home/user/docs/report.txt");
// Indices: home=0, user=1, docs=2, report.txt=3

System.out.println(p.subpath(1, 3)); // user/docs
System.out.println(p.subpath(0, 2)); // home/user

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจอย่างรวดเร็ว

ทบทวน: API ของ Path