แพ็กเกจ fmt และ strings

ภาพรวมแพ็กเกจ fmt

ตัวดำเนินการจัดรูปแบบของ fmt

package main
import "fmt"

func main() {
    name := "Gopher"
    age := 15
    score := 98.6

    fmt.Printf("%s is %d years old\n", name, age)
    fmt.Printf("Score: %.1f%%\n", score)
    fmt.Printf("Type: %T, Value: %v\n", age, age)
    fmt.Printf("Hex: %x, Binary: %b\n", 255, 255)
    fmt.Printf("Padded: %10s|%-10s\n", name, name)
}

fmt.Sprintf สำหรับการสร้างสตริง

package main
import "fmt"

func formatUser(name string, age int) string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("User{name: %q, age: %d}", name, age)
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println(formatUser("Alice", 30))
    // User{name: "Alice", age: 30}

    // %q adds quotes; %+v prints struct field names
    type Point struct{X, Y int}
    p := Point{1, 2}
    fmt.Printf("%+v\n", p) // {X:1 Y:2}
}

fmt.Errorf สำหรับการจัดรูปแบบข้อผิดพลาด

package main
import "fmt"

func getUser(id int) error {
    return fmt.Errorf("getUser(%d): user not found", id)
}

func main() {
    err := getUser(42)
    fmt.Println(err) // getUser(42): user not found

    // Wrap errors with %w for unwrapping:
    base := fmt.Errorf("base error")
    wrapped := fmt.Errorf("context: %w", base)
    fmt.Println(wrapped)
}

แพ็กเกจ strings: ฟังก์ชันทั่วไป

package main
import ("fmt"; "strings")

func main() {
    s := "  Hello, Go World!  "

    fmt.Println(strings.TrimSpace(s))           // "Hello, Go World!"
    fmt.Println(strings.ToUpper(s))             // "  HELLO, GO WORLD!  "
    fmt.Println(strings.ToLower(s))             // "  hello, go world!  "
    fmt.Println(strings.Contains(s, "Go"))      // true
    fmt.Println(strings.HasPrefix(s, "  Hel")) // true
    fmt.Println(strings.Count(s, "l"))          // 3
}

strings.Split และ strings.Join

package main
import ("fmt"; "strings")

func main() {
    csv := "alice,bob,carol,dave"
    names := strings.Split(csv, ",")     // ["alice" "bob" "carol" "dave"]
    fmt.Println(names)

    upper := make([]string, len(names))
    for i, n := range names {
        upper[i] = strings.ToUpper(n)
    }
    result := strings.Join(upper, " | ")
    fmt.Println(result) // ALICE | BOB | CAROL | DAVE
}

strings.Replace และ strings.ReplaceAll

package main
import ("fmt"; "strings")

func main() {
    s := "foo bar foo baz foo"

    // Replace first 2 occurrences
    fmt.Println(strings.Replace(s, "foo", "XXX", 2))
    // XXX bar XXX baz foo

    // Replace all
    fmt.Println(strings.ReplaceAll(s, "foo", "GO"))
    // GO bar GO baz GO
}

strings.Builder สำหรับการต่อสตริงอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ

package main
import ("fmt"; "strings")

func join(parts []string, sep string) string {
    var sb strings.Builder
    for i, p := range parts {
        if i > 0 { sb.WriteString(sep) }
        sb.WriteString(p)
    }
    return sb.String()
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println(join([]string{"a", "b", "c"}, "-")) // a-b-c
}

strings.NewReader และ strings.Reader

package main
import ("fmt"; "io"; "strings")

func readAll(r io.Reader) string {
    data, _ := io.ReadAll(r)
    return string(data)
}

func main() {
    r := strings.NewReader("Hello from a string reader")
    fmt.Println(readAll(r))

    // Also: strings.NewReplacer for multiple replacements
    rep := strings.NewReplacer("<", "&lt;", ">", "&gt;")
    fmt.Println(rep.Replace("<b>bold</b>"))
}

strings.Fields และ strings.Map

package main
import ("fmt"; "strings")

func main() {
    // Fields splits on any whitespace (like awk)
    words := strings.Fields("  one  two   three  ")
    fmt.Println(words) // [one two three]

    // Map applies a function to each rune
    rot13 := func(r rune) rune {
        if r >= 'a' && r <= 'z' { return 'a' + (r-'a'+13)%26 }
        if r >= 'A' && r <= 'Z' { return 'A' + (r-'A'+13)%26 }
        return r
    }
    fmt.Println(strings.Map(rot13, "Hello, World!"))
}

ตรวจสอบอย่างรวดเร็ว

ทบทวน: fmt และ strings