interface ของไลบรารีมาตรฐานหลัก

fmt.Stringer

package main
import "fmt"

type Color int
const (Red Color = iota; Green; Blue)
func (c Color) String() string {
    return []string{"Red","Green","Blue"}[c]
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println(Red, Green, Blue) // Red Green Blue
}

อินเทอร์เฟซ error

package main
import "fmt"

type ValidationError struct{ Field, Msg string }
func (e *ValidationError) Error() string {
    return e.Field + ": " + e.Msg
}

func validate(age int) error {
    if age < 0 { return &ValidationError{"age", "must be non-negative"} }
    return nil
}

func main() {
    fmt.Println(validate(-1))
}

io.Reader

package main
import ("fmt"; "strings")

func countBytes(r interface{ Read([]byte)(int,error) }) int {
    buf := make([]byte, 512)
    total := 0
    for {
        n, err := r.Read(buf)
        total += n
        if err != nil { break }
    }
    return total
}

func main() {
    r := strings.NewReader("hello world")
    fmt.Println(countBytes(r)) // 11
}

io.Writer

package main
import ("bytes"; "fmt")

func main() {
    var buf bytes.Buffer
    fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "Hello, %s!", "Go")
    fmt.Println(buf.String()) // Hello, Go!
}

io.ReadWriter และ io.Closer

package main
import "io"

// io.ReadWriter = io.Reader + io.Writer
// io.ReadCloser = io.Reader + io.Closer
// io.ReadWriteCloser = all three

func process(rw io.ReadWriter) {
    buf := make([]byte, 8)
    rw.Read(buf)
    rw.Write(buf)
}

func main() { _ = process }

sort.Interface

package main
import ("fmt"; "sort")

type ByLength []string
func (b ByLength) Len() int           { return len(b) }
func (b ByLength) Less(i, j int) bool { return len(b[i]) < len(b[j]) }
func (b ByLength) Swap(i, j int)      { b[i], b[j] = b[j], b[i] }

func main() {
    fruits := ByLength{"banana","apple","kiwi"}
    sort.Sort(fruits)
    fmt.Println([]string(fruits)) // [kiwi apple banana]
}

http.Handler

package main
import ("fmt"; "net/http")

type Hello struct{}
func (h Hello) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello, World!")
}

func main() {
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", Hello{})
}

fmt.GoStringer

package main
import "fmt"

type Version struct{ Major, Minor int }
func (v Version) GoString() string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("Version{%d, %d}", v.Major, v.Minor)
}

func main() {
    fmt.Printf("%#v\n", Version{1, 18}) // Version{1, 18}
}

encoding.TextMarshaler

package main
import "fmt"

type Status int
const (Active Status = iota; Inactive)
func (s Status) MarshalText() ([]byte, error) {
    if s == Active { return []byte("active"), nil }
    return []byte("inactive"), nil
}

func main() {
    s := Active
    b, _ := s.MarshalText()
    fmt.Println(string(b)) // active
}

การประกอบอินเทอร์เฟซมาตรฐาน

package main
import ("bytes"; "fmt"; "io"; "strings")

func main() {
    r := strings.NewReader("hello")
    var buf bytes.Buffer
    tee := io.TeeReader(r, &buf)
    io.ReadAll(tee)
    fmt.Println(buf.String()) // hello
}

ตรวจสอบอย่างรวดเร็ว

สรุปทบทวน

โจทย์ฝึกปฏิบัติ