การขยายอินเทอร์เฟซและชนิดทั่วไป

การขยายอินเทอร์เฟซ

ส่วนขยายแบบทั่วไปบน IEnumerable

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    public static bool IsEmpty<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
    {
        foreach (var item in source) return false;
        return true;
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var nums = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
        Console.WriteLine(nums.IsEmpty());
        Console.WriteLine(new int[0].IsEmpty());
    }
}

การวนซ้ำในลำดับ

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    public static int SumValues(this IEnumerable<int> source)
    {
        int total = 0;
        foreach (var n in source) total += n;
        return total;
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var nums = new List<int> { 10, 20, 30 };
        Console.WriteLine(nums.SumValues());
    }
}

การส่งคืนลำดับใหม่

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<T> EveryOther<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
    {
        bool take = true;
        foreach (var item in source)
        {
            if (take) yield return item;
            take = !take;
        }
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var letters = new List<string> { "a", "b", "c", "d", "e" };
        foreach (var l in letters.EveryOther())
            Console.WriteLine(l);
    }
}

ข้อจำกัดของชนิดข้อมูลทั่วไป

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    public static T MaxItem<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source) where T : IComparable<T>
    {
        bool started = false;
        T best = default;
        foreach (var item in source)
        {
            if (!started || item.CompareTo(best) > 0) { best = item; started = true; }
        }
        return best;
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var nums = new List<int> { 3, 9, 1, 7 };
        Console.WriteLine(nums.MaxItem());
    }
}

การขยายอินเทอร์เฟซแบบกำหนดเอง

using System;

public interface INamed { string Name { get; } }

public class Dog : INamed { public string Name => "Rex"; }

public static class NamedExtensions
{
    public static string Greeting(this INamed n) => "Hello, " + n.Name;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var d = new Dog();
        Console.WriteLine(d.Greeting());
    }
}

พารามิเตอร์ชนิดข้อมูลหลายตัว

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<TResult> Map<TSource, TResult>(
        this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TResult> f)
    {
        foreach (var item in source) yield return f(item);
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var nums = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
        foreach (var s in nums.Map(n => "#" + n))
            Console.WriteLine(s);
    }
}

การทำงานร่วมกับ LINQ ในตัว

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<T> EveryOther<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
    {
        bool take = true;
        foreach (var item in source) { if (take) yield return item; take = !take; }
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var nums = Enumerable.Range(1, 10);
        var result = nums.Where(n => n > 2).EveryOther().ToList();
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", result));
    }
}

การขยาย IEnumerable ครอบคลุมหลายชนิด

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    public static int CountItems<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
    {
        int n = 0;
        foreach (var item in source) n++;
        return n;
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(new[] { 1, 2, 3 }.CountItems());
        Console.WriteLine(new HashSet<string> { "a", "b" }.CountItems());
    }
}

เหตุผลที่แนวทางนี้ขยายได้ดี

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    public static string JoinWith<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, string sep)
    {
        return string.Join(sep, source);
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var nums = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 };
        Console.WriteLine(nums.JoinWith(" -> "));
    }
}

ลองทำด้วยตัวเอง

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public static class EnumerableExtensions
{
    public static IEnumerable<T> WithoutDuplicatesByKey<T, TKey>(
        this IEnumerable<T> source, Func<T, TKey> keySelector)
    {
        var seen = new HashSet<TKey>();
        foreach (var item in source)
            if (seen.Add(keySelector(item))) yield return item;
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var words = new[] { "apple", "avocado", "banana", "cherry", "blueberry" };
        var firstPerLetter = words.WithoutDuplicatesByKey(w => w[0]);
        Console.WriteLine(string.Join(", ", firstPerLetter));
    }
}

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