Fragment

Fragment คืออะไร

วงจรชีวิตของ Fragment

การสร้าง Fragment

import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup

class HomeFragment : Fragment() {

    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        return inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_home, container, false)
    }
}

ViewBinding ใน Fragment

class HomeFragment : Fragment() {

    private var _binding: FragmentHomeBinding? = null
    private val binding get() = _binding!!

    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View {
        _binding = FragmentHomeBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false)
        return binding.root
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        binding.tvTitle.text = "Welcome!"
    }

    override fun onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView()
        _binding = null   // prevent memory leak
    }
}

XML เค้าโครงของ Fragment

<!-- res/layout/fragment_home.xml -->
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="16dp">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tvTitle"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        android:text="Home" />

</LinearLayout>

การเพิ่ม Fragment ลงใน Activity

<!-- Static: in activity_main.xml -->
<fragment
    android:id="@+id/homeFragment"
    android:name="com.example.HomeFragment"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

ธุรกรรม Fragment แบบไดนามิก

// In Activity:
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity(R.layout.activity_main) {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)

        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
                .add(R.id.fragmentContainer, HomeFragment())
                .commit()
        }
    }

    fun showDetail(id: Int) {
        supportFragmentManager.beginTransaction()
            .replace(R.id.fragmentContainer, DetailFragment.newInstance(id))
            .addToBackStack(null)  // allow back navigation
            .commit()
    }
}

การส่งอาร์กิวเมนต์ให้ Fragment

class DetailFragment : Fragment() {

    companion object {
        private const val ARG_ID = "item_id"

        fun newInstance(itemId: Int): DetailFragment {
            return DetailFragment().apply {
                arguments = Bundle().apply {
                    putInt(ARG_ID, itemId)
                }
            }
        }
    }

    override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState)
        val itemId = requireArguments().getInt(ARG_ID)
        // use itemId to load data
    }
}

การสื่อสารระหว่าง Fragment → Activity

class ListFragment : Fragment() {

    interface OnItemSelected {
        fun onItemSelected(id: Int)
    }

    private var listener: OnItemSelected? = null

    override fun onAttach(context: Context) {
        super.onAttach(context)
        listener = context as? OnItemSelected
    }

    private fun handleClick(id: Int) {
        listener?.onItemSelected(id)
    }

    override fun onDetach() {
        super.onDetach()
        listener = null
    }
}

กองย้อนกลับ

Fragment ในคอนเทนเนอร์

<!-- activity_main.xml -->
<FrameLayout
    android:id="@+id/fragmentContainer"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจ

สรุป: Fragment