ฟังก์ชันขยายและฟังก์ชันลำดับสูง

fun String.isPalindrome(): Boolean {
    val cleaned = this.lowercase().filter { it.isLetter() }
    return cleaned == cleaned.reversed()
}

fun Int.isEven() = this % 2 == 0

fun main() {
    println("racecar".isPalindrome())  // true
    println("hello".isPalindrome())    // false
    println(4.isEven())                // true
    println(7.isEven())                // false
}

import android.view.View

fun View.show() { visibility = View.VISIBLE }
fun View.hide() { visibility = View.GONE }
fun View.invisible() { visibility = View.INVISIBLE }

// Usage in Activity:
// binding.progressBar.show()
// binding.recyclerView.hide()

fun operate(a: Int, b: Int, op: (Int, Int) -> Int): Int {
    return op(a, b)
}

fun main() {
    val sum  = operate(3, 4) { x, y -> x + y }
    val prod = operate(3, 4) { x, y -> x * y }
    val max  = operate(3, 4, ::maxOf)   // method reference

    println(sum)   // 7
    println(prod)  // 12
    println(max)   // 4
}

fun makeMultiplier(factor: Int): (Int) -> Int {
    return { number -> number * factor }
}

fun main() {
    val double = makeMultiplier(2)
    val triple = makeMultiplier(3)

    println(double(5))   // 10
    println(triple(5))   // 15

    val numbers = listOf(1, 2, 3, 4)
    println(numbers.map(double))  // [2, 4, 6, 8]
}

fun main() {
    val name: String? = "Alice"

    // Only runs if name is not null
    name?.let {
        println("Name length: ${it.length}")
        println("Upper: ${it.uppercase()}")
    }

    // Transform a value
    val length = name?.let { it.length } ?: 0
    println("Length: $length")  // 5
}

data class Config(var host: String = "", var port: Int = 0, var timeout: Int = 0)

fun main() {
    // apply: configure an object (this = receiver)
    val config = Config().apply {
        host = "api.example.com"
        port = 443
        timeout = 30
    }
    println(config)  // Config(host=api.example.com, port=443, timeout=30)

    // also: log or debug (it = receiver)
    val result = listOf(1, 2, 3)
        .also { println("Original: $it") }
        .map { it * 2 }
        .also { println("Doubled: $it") }
}

data class User(val name: String, val age: Int)

fun main() {
    val user = User("Bob", 30)

    // run: compute something using the object
    val greeting = user.run {
        if (age >= 18) "Hello, $name!" else "Hi, $name!"
    }
    println(greeting)  // Hello, Bob!

    // with: group operations on an object
    val info = with(user) {
        "Name: $name, Age: $age"
    }
    println(info)  // Name: Bob, Age: 30
}

inline fun <reified T> Any.isOfType(): Boolean = this is T

fun main() {
    println("hello".isOfType<String>())   // true
    println(42.isOfType<String>())         // false
    println(3.14.isOfType<Double>())       // true
}