การฉีด Dependency ด้วย Hilt

การฉีดการพึ่งพาคืออะไร

DI แบบทำเองเทียบกับฮิลต์

// Manual DI — you create and pass everything:
val db = AppDatabase.getInstance(context)
val dao = db.userDao()
val repo = UserRepository(dao)
val factory = UserViewModel.Factory(repo)
val viewModel = ViewModelProvider(this, factory)[UserViewModel::class.java]

// With Hilt:
// Just annotate, Hilt does the wiring
@HiltViewModel
class UserViewModel @Inject constructor(private val repo: UserRepository) : ViewModel()

การเพิ่มฮิลต์

// project/build.gradle:
buildscript {
    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android-gradle-plugin:2.51'
    }
}

// app/build.gradle:
plugins {
    id 'com.google.dagger.hilt.android'
    id 'kotlin-kapt'
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android:2.51'
    kapt 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android-compiler:2.51'
}

@HiltAndroidApp

@HiltAndroidApp
class MyApp : Application()

// Also register in AndroidManifest.xml:
// <application android:name=".MyApp" ...>

@AndroidEntryPoint

@AndroidEntryPoint
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {

    @Inject lateinit var analytics: AnalyticsService

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        analytics.logEvent("app_open")
    }
}

@AndroidEntryPoint
class HomeFragment : Fragment() {
    // Fragment's parent Activity must also be @AndroidEntryPoint
}

@Inject — การฉีดผ่านตัวสร้าง

class UserRepository @Inject constructor(
    private val userDao: UserDao,
    private val apiService: ApiService
) {
    suspend fun getUsers() = userDao.getAll()
    suspend fun syncFromNetwork() {
        val users = apiService.fetchUsers()
        userDao.insertAll(users)
    }
}

// Hilt sees UserRepository needs UserDao and ApiService,
// and automatically creates and injects them.

@HiltViewModel

@HiltViewModel
class UserViewModel @Inject constructor(
    private val repo: UserRepository
) : ViewModel() {

    val users = repo.getUsersFlow().asLiveData()
}

// In Fragment:
@AndroidEntryPoint
class UserFragment : Fragment() {
    private val viewModel: UserViewModel by viewModels()  // Hilt provides it
}

@Module และ @Provides

@Module
@InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class)   // lives for app lifetime
object NetworkModule {

    @Provides
    @Singleton
    fun provideRetrofit(): Retrofit {
        return Retrofit.Builder()
            .baseUrl("https://api.example.com/")
            .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
            .build()
    }

    @Provides
    @Singleton
    fun provideApiService(retrofit: Retrofit): ApiService {
        return retrofit.create(ApiService::class.java)
    }
}

@Binds — การผูกอินเทอร์เฟซ

interface AnalyticsService {
    fun logEvent(name: String)
}

class FirebaseAnalytics @Inject constructor() : AnalyticsService {
    override fun logEvent(name: String) { /* Firebase impl */ }
}

@Module
@InstallIn(SingletonComponent::class)
abstract class AnalyticsModule {

    @Binds
    @Singleton
    abstract fun bindAnalytics(impl: FirebaseAnalytics): AnalyticsService
}

ขอบเขตของฮิลต์

การทดสอบด้วยฮิลต์

@HiltAndroidTest
class UserRepositoryTest {

    @get:Rule
    val hiltRule = HiltAndroidRule(this)

    @Inject
    lateinit var repo: UserRepository

    @Before
    fun setUp() {
        hiltRule.inject()
    }

    @Test
    fun usersAreFetched() {
        assertNotNull(repo)
    }
}

ตรวจสอบอย่างรวดเร็ว

ทบทวน: การฉีดการพึ่งพาด้วยฮิลต์