การแปลงเสียงพูดเป็นข้อความด้วย Whisper และ Deepgram

การแปลงเสียงพูดเป็นข้อความในเอเจนต์เสียง

OpenAI Whisper: การถอดเสียงเบื้องต้น

import openai
import os

client = openai.OpenAI(api_key=os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY'))

def transcribe_file(audio_path, language=None):
    with open(audio_path, 'rb') as audio_file:
        params = {
            'model': 'whisper-1',
            'file': audio_file,
            'response_format': 'json'  # or 'text', 'srt', 'vtt', 'verbose_json'
        }
        if language:
            params['language'] = language  # e.g., 'en', 'fr', 'de'

        transcript = client.audio.transcriptions.create(**params)

    return transcript.text

# Basic usage
text = transcribe_file('meeting_recording.mp3')
print('Transcribed:', text[:200])

Whisper พร้อมการประทับเวลาระดับคำ

import openai
import os

client = openai.OpenAI(api_key=os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY'))

def transcribe_with_timestamps(audio_path):
    with open(audio_path, 'rb') as f:
        result = client.audio.transcriptions.create(
            model='whisper-1',
            file=f,
            response_format='verbose_json',
            timestamp_granularities=['word', 'segment']  # get both word and segment times
        )

    segments = []
    for seg in result.segments:
        segments.append({
            'start': seg.start,
            'end':   seg.end,
            'text':  seg.text
        })

    words = []
    if hasattr(result, 'words'):
        for word in result.words:
            words.append({'word': word.word, 'start': word.start, 'end': word.end})

    return {'text': result.text, 'segments': segments, 'words': words}

Deepgram SDK: การสตรีมแบบอะซิงโครนัส

import asyncio
import os
from deepgram import DeepgramClient, PrerecordedOptions

client = DeepgramClient(os.getenv('DEEPGRAM_API_KEY'))

async def transcribe_with_deepgram(audio_path):
    with open(audio_path, 'rb') as f:
        audio_data = f.read()

    options = PrerecordedOptions(
        model='nova-2',            # Deepgram's best accuracy model
        language='en',
        smart_format=True,         # auto-add punctuation and formatting
        utterances=True,           # segment by speaker turns
        punctuate=True,
        diarize=True               # speaker identification
    )

    response = await client.listen.asyncrest.v('1').transcribe_file(
        {'buffer': audio_data},
        options
    )

    return response.results.channels[0].alternatives[0].transcript

การจำแนกผู้พูด

async def transcribe_with_diarization(audio_path):
    from deepgram import DeepgramClient, PrerecordedOptions
    import os

    dg_client = DeepgramClient(os.getenv('DEEPGRAM_API_KEY'))

    options = PrerecordedOptions(
        model='nova-2',
        diarize=True,
        utterances=True,
        smart_format=True
    )

    with open(audio_path, 'rb') as f:
        audio_data = f.read()

    response = await dg_client.listen.asyncrest.v('1').transcribe_file(
        {'buffer': audio_data}, options
    )

    utterances = []
    for utt in response.results.utterances:
        utterances.append({
            'speaker': f'Speaker {utt.speaker}',
            'start':   round(utt.start, 2),
            'end':     round(utt.end, 2),
            'text':    utt.transcript
        })

    return utterances

# Output:
# [{'speaker': 'Speaker 0', 'start': 0.0, 'end': 3.2, 'text': 'Hello everyone.'},
#  {'speaker': 'Speaker 1', 'start': 3.5, 'end': 6.1, 'text': 'Good morning!'}]

การตรวจจับภาษา

import openai
import os

client = openai.OpenAI(api_key=os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY'))

def detect_language(audio_path):
    with open(audio_path, 'rb') as f:
        # Use translations endpoint to get verbose JSON with language detection
        result = client.audio.transcriptions.create(
            model='whisper-1',
            file=f,
            response_format='verbose_json'
        )
    return {
        'detected_language': result.language,
        'text': result.text
    }

result = detect_language('user_audio.wav')
print(f"Language: {result['detected_language']}")
print(f"Text: {result['text'][:100]}")

# Deepgram: set language='auto' in options
from deepgram import PrerecordedOptions
options = PrerecordedOptions(model='nova-2', language='auto', detect_language=True)

การแบ่งไฟล์เสียงยาวเป็นส่วนย่อย

from pydub import AudioSegment
from pydub.silence import split_on_silence
import io

def transcribe_long_audio(audio_path, chunk_length_ms=60000):
    audio = AudioSegment.from_file(audio_path)

    # Split on silence
    chunks = split_on_silence(
        audio,
        min_silence_len=1000,   # 1 second of silence
        silence_thresh=-40,     # dBFS
        keep_silence=500        # keep 500ms at each end
    )

    # If no silence splitting worked, use fixed-length chunks
    if len(chunks) <= 1:
        chunks = [
            audio[i:i + chunk_length_ms]
            for i in range(0, len(audio), chunk_length_ms)
        ]

    full_transcript = []
    for i, chunk in enumerate(chunks):
        print(f'Transcribing chunk {i+1}/{len(chunks)}')
        buf = io.BytesIO()
        chunk.export(buf, format='mp3')
        buf.seek(0)
        buf.name = f'chunk_{i}.mp3'
        result = client.audio.transcriptions.create(model='whisper-1', file=buf)
        full_transcript.append(result.text)

    return ' '.join(full_transcript)

การสตรีมสดด้วย Deepgram

import asyncio
import os
from deepgram import DeepgramClient, LiveTranscriptionEvents, LiveOptions

async def live_transcribe(on_transcript_callback):
    dg_client = DeepgramClient(os.getenv('DEEPGRAM_API_KEY'))

    connection = dg_client.listen.asynclive.v('1')

    async def on_message(self, result, **kwargs):
        sentence = result.channel.alternatives[0].transcript
        is_final = result.is_final
        if sentence:
            await on_transcript_callback(sentence, is_final)

    connection.on(LiveTranscriptionEvents.Transcript, on_message)

    options = LiveOptions(
        model='nova-2',
        language='en',
        smart_format=True,
        interim_results=True,  # get partial results before sentence ends
        endpointing=500        # ms of silence before finalizing
    )

    await connection.start(options)
    return connection  # caller sends audio chunks via connection.send(audio_chunk)

การจัดการข้อผิดพลาดและการลองใหม่

import time
import os

MAX_FILE_SIZE_BYTES = 25 * 1024 * 1024  # 25MB
SUPPORTED_FORMATS = ('.mp3', '.mp4', '.wav', '.webm', '.m4a', '.flac', '.ogg')

def validate_audio_file(audio_path):
    if not os.path.exists(audio_path):
        raise FileNotFoundError(f'Audio file not found: {audio_path}')
    size = os.path.getsize(audio_path)
    if size > MAX_FILE_SIZE_BYTES:
        raise ValueError(f'File too large: {size / 1024 / 1024:.1f}MB (max 25MB)')
    ext = os.path.splitext(audio_path)[1].lower()
    if ext not in SUPPORTED_FORMATS:
        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported format: {ext}. Supported: {SUPPORTED_FORMATS}')

def transcribe_with_retry(audio_path, max_retries=3):
    validate_audio_file(audio_path)
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        try:
            return transcribe_file(audio_path)
        except Exception as e:
            if attempt < max_retries - 1:
                wait = 2 ** attempt
                print(f'Retry {attempt + 1} after error: {e}. Waiting {wait}s')
                time.sleep(wait)
            else:
                raise

การเลือกระหว่าง Whisper กับ Deepgram

COMPARISON = '''
Whisper (OpenAI API):
  - Best for: batch transcription, podcast processing, meeting notes
  - Latency: file upload latency + ~1-5 seconds processing
  - Strengths: excellent multilingual, high accuracy, cheap
  - Word timestamps: yes (verbose_json)
  - Diarization: NO (must use separate tool)
  - Use when: accuracy > speed, offline processing

DeeGram:
  - Best for: real-time voice agents, call center transcription
  - Latency: <300ms for streaming, ~1s for file upload
  - Strengths: streaming, diarization, custom vocabulary
  - Word timestamps: yes, with confidence scores
  - Diarization: YES (built-in, up to 10 speakers)
  - Use when: speed > accuracy, real-time required

Rule of thumb:
  Agent voice conversation -> Deepgram live streaming
  Batch audio files -> Whisper API
  Meeting transcripts with speakers -> Deepgram with diarize=True
'''
print(COMPARISON)

การแปลงรูปแบบเสียง

from pydub import AudioSegment
import os

SUPPORTED_FORMATS = {'.mp3', '.wav', '.flac', '.m4a', '.ogg', '.webm', '.opus'}

def convert_to_wav(input_path, output_path=None):
    ext = os.path.splitext(input_path)[1].lower()
    if ext not in SUPPORTED_FORMATS:
        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported audio format: {ext}')

    if output_path is None:
        output_path = input_path.rsplit('.', 1)[0] + '.wav'

    # pydub handles format detection automatically
    audio = AudioSegment.from_file(input_path)

    # Normalize to 16kHz mono (optimal for Whisper)
    audio = audio.set_frame_rate(16000).set_channels(1)

    audio.export(output_path, format='wav')
    print(f'Converted {input_path} -> {output_path} ({len(audio) / 1000:.1f}s)')
    return output_path

def ensure_compatible_audio(audio_path):
    ext = os.path.splitext(audio_path)[1].lower()
    if ext in {'.mp3', '.wav', '.m4a', '.flac'}:
        return audio_path  # already compatible
    return convert_to_wav(audio_path)

ตรวจสอบความเข้าใจ

สรุปทบทวน: การแปลงเสียงพูดเป็นข้อความด้วย Whisper และ Deepgram