Автоматизация взаимодействия с браузером

Automate Browser Actions

Locate Elements First

Making a Click

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

def main():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome() # Or Firefox, Edge, etc.
    driver.get("https://www.example.com")
    try:
        # Imagine a button with ID 'myButton'.
        # On example.com, we can click the 'More information...' link.
        more_info_link = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "More information...")
        more_info_link.click()
        print("Clicked 'More information...' link.")
        time.sleep(2) # To see the new page
    finally:
        driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Entering Text

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

def main():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.google.com") # Using google for a search box
    try:
        search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "q")
        search_box.send_keys("CoddyKit Selenium")
        time.sleep(2) # See the typed text
    finally:
        driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Sending Form Data

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

def main():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.google.com")
    try:
        search_box = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "q")
        search_box.send_keys("Selenium forms")
        search_box.submit() # Submits the form containing this element
        time.sleep(3) # Observe search results
    finally:
        driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Why We Need to Wait

Simple Implicit Waits

from selenium import webdriver
import time

def main():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    # Set implicit wait for 10 seconds
    driver.implicitly_wait(10)
    try:
        driver.get("https://www.example.com")
        print("Implicit wait set for 10 seconds.")
        # Any subsequent find_element calls will wait up to 10s
        # if the element isn't immediately found.
        time.sleep(2) # Just to show the wait is active
    finally:
        driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Precise Explicit Waits

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import time

def main():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.example.com")
    try:
        print("Waiting for an element to be visible...")
        # WebDriverWait waits up to 10 seconds
        # for an element with ID 'dynamicDiv' to become visible.
        # This element does not exist on example.com, so it will timeout.
        # In a real app, replace with a real ID.
        element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
            EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "dynamicDiv"))
        )
        print(f"Element found: {element.text}")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Element not found or timed out: {e}")
    finally:
        driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Scrolling for More Content

from selenium import webdriver
import time

def main():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("https://www.wikipedia.org") # A page that can be scrolled
    try:
        # Scroll down to the bottom of the page
        driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
        print("Scrolled to the bottom of the page.")
        time.sleep(2) # Observe the scroll
        # You can also scroll incrementally:
        # driver.execute_script("window.scrollBy(0, 500);")
    finally:
        driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Interacting with Select Menus

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
import time

def main():
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    # For this example, we'll use a test page with a dropdown.
    # In a real scenario, you'd navigate to a specific URL.
    driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/formPage.html")
    try:
        # Find the select element by its ID
        select_element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "selectMenu")
        select = Select(select_element)
        
        # Select an option by its visible text
        select.select_by_visible_text("Example select text")
        print("Selected 'Example select text' by visible text.")
        time.sleep(2)
        
        # Select an option by its value attribute
        select.select_by_value("2")
        print("Selected option with value '2'.")
        time.sleep(2)

    finally:
        driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

Test Your Knowledge

Recap: Automating Interactions