Закрытие файлов и обработка ошибок

Всегда закрывайте файлы

local function readFile(path)
  local f, err = io.open(path, "r")
  if not f then return nil, err end
  local content = f:read("a")
  f:close()   -- always close
  return content
end

local data, err = readFile("config.txt")
if not data then print("Error:", err) end

Безопасный ввод-вывод с помощью pcall

local function safeCopy(src, dst)
  local ok, err = pcall(function()
    local f = io.open(src, "rb")
    if not f then error("Cannot open source: " .. src) end
    local content = f:read("a")
    f:close()
    local g = io.open(dst, "wb")
    if not g then error("Cannot open dest: " .. dst) end
    g:write(content)
    g:close()
  end)
  return ok, err
end

local ok, msg = safeCopy("input.txt", "output.txt")
if not ok then print("Failed:", msg) end

Проверка успешности записи

local f = io.open("important.txt", "w")
if not f then
  print("Cannot create file")
  return
end

local ok, err = f:write("critical data\n")
if not ok then
  print("Write failed:", err)
  f:close()
  return
end

f:close()
print("Saved successfully")

Шаблон finally с pcall

local function withFile(path, mode, fn)
  local f, err = io.open(path, mode)
  if not f then return nil, err end
  local ok, result = pcall(fn, f)
  f:close()   -- always close, even on error
  if not ok then
    return nil, result
  end
  return result
end

local content, err = withFile("data.txt", "r", function(f)
  return f:read("a")
end)
print(content or err)

Сообщения об ошибках от io.open

local paths = {"config.txt", "missing.txt", "/root/secret.txt"}

for _, path in ipairs(paths) do
  local f, err, code = io.open(path, "r")
  if f then
    print(path, "-> ok, size:", f:seek("end"))
    f:close()
  else
    print(path, "-> ERROR:", err, "(code "..tostring(code)..")")
  end
end

Дескриптор файла как объект

local f = io.open("test.txt", "w")
f:write("test\n")

-- Explicit close
f:close()

-- After close, operations fail
local ok, err = pcall(function()
  f:read()   -- attempt to use closed file
end)
print(ok, err)   -- false  [closed file]

Шаблон безопасной обработки файлов

local function processFile(path, processor)
  local f, err = io.open(path, "r")
  if not f then return nil, "open failed: " .. err end
  
  local ok, result = pcall(processor, f)
  f:close()
  
  if not ok then
    return nil, "processing failed: " .. result
  end
  return result
end

local lineCount, err = processFile("data.txt", function(f)
  local n = 0
  for _ in f:lines() do n = n + 1 end
  return n
end)
print(lineCount or err)

os.remove и os.rename

-- Delete a file
local ok, err = os.remove("temp.txt")
if not ok then print("Remove failed:", err) end

-- Rename / move
ok, err = os.rename("old_name.txt", "new_name.txt")
if not ok then print("Rename failed:", err) end

-- Atomic update pattern
os.rename("config.new", "config.txt")

io.close и f:close

local f = io.open("test.txt", "w")
f:write("hello\n")

-- Both are equivalent:
-- f:close()
io.close(f)

-- io.close() with no arg closes default output
io.output("out.txt")
io.write("to file\n")
io.close()   -- closes out.txt, restores stdout

Надёжное копирование файлов

local function copyFile(src, dst, chunkSize)
  chunkSize = chunkSize or 65536
  local fsrc, err1 = io.open(src, "rb")
  if not fsrc then return nil, err1 end
  local fdst, err2 = io.open(dst, "wb")
  if not fdst then fsrc:close(); return nil, err2 end
  
  local ok = true
  local chunk = fsrc:read(chunkSize)
  while chunk and ok do
    local w, werr = fdst:write(chunk)
    if not w then ok = false; err2 = werr end
    chunk = fsrc:read(chunkSize)
  end
  fsrc:close(); fdst:close()
  if not ok then os.remove(dst); return nil, err2 end
  return true
end

Быстрая проверка

Повторение: закрытие и обработка ошибок