Обзор GitHub REST API

PyGitHub — Python-клиент GitHub

# Install: pip install PyGitHub
from github import Github
import os

# Authenticate with a personal access token
g = Github(token=os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])

# Get the authenticated user
user = g.get_user()
print(f'Logged in as: {user.login}')
print(f'Name: {user.name}')
print(f'Public repos: {user.public_repos}')

# Get a specific repository
repo = g.get_repo('octocat/Hello-World')
print(f'Repo: {repo.full_name}')
print(f'Stars: {repo.stargazers_count}')

Аутентификация: персональный токен доступа

from github import Github, Auth
import os

# Method 1: Classic token (works with PyGitHub)
token = os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN']
g = Github(token=token)

# Method 2: Auth object (recommended for PyGitHub >= 1.59)
auth = Auth.Token(os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])
g = Github(auth=auth)

# Test authentication
try:
    user = g.get_user()
    print(f'Authenticated as {user.login}')
except Exception as e:
    print(f'Auth failed: {e}')
    print('Check: Is GITHUB_TOKEN set? Has it expired?')

g.close()  # close the connection when done

Аутентификация приложения GitHub

import os
import github

APP_ID = os.environ['GITHUB_APP_ID']
PRIVATE_KEY = os.environ['GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY']  # PEM content
INSTALLATION_ID = os.environ['GITHUB_INSTALLATION_ID']

# Create GitHub App client
auth = github.Auth.AppAuth(APP_ID, PRIVATE_KEY)
gi = github.GithubIntegration(auth=auth)

# Get installation access token (expires in 1 hour)
installation = gi.get_installation(int(INSTALLATION_ID))
access_token = gi.get_access_token(int(INSTALLATION_ID))

# Use the token with a standard Github client
g = github.Github(token=access_token.token)
print(f'App authenticated, token expires: {access_token.expires_at}')

Ограничения запросов: 5000 запросов в час

from github import Github
import os

g = Github(token=os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])

# Check current rate limit status
rate_limit = g.get_rate_limit()
core = rate_limit.core

print(f'Remaining: {core.remaining}/{core.limit} requests')
print(f'Resets at: {core.reset}')

# Calculate time until reset
import datetime
now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
reset_in = (core.reset.replace(tzinfo=None) - now).seconds
print(f'Reset in: {reset_in // 60}m {reset_in % 60}s')

# Check before heavy operations
if core.remaining < 100:
    print('WARNING: Rate limit nearly exhausted!')

Получение объекта репозитория

from github import Github
import os

g = Github(token=os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])
repo = g.get_repo('myorg/myrepo')

# Repository metadata
print(f'Full name: {repo.full_name}')
print(f'Description: {repo.description}')
print(f'Default branch: {repo.default_branch}')
print(f'Stars: {repo.stargazers_count}')
print(f'Forks: {repo.forks_count}')
print(f'Open issues: {repo.open_issues_count}')
print(f'Private: {repo.private}')
print(f'Language: {repo.language}')
print(f'Created: {repo.created_at}')
print(f'Last push: {repo.pushed_at}')

Пагинация API — PaginatedList

from github import Github
import os

g = Github(token=os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])
repo = g.get_repo('myorg/myrepo')

# PaginatedList: fetch pages lazily as you iterate
issues = repo.get_issues(state='open')  # returns PaginatedList

# Iterate — fetches pages 30 at a time automatically
for issue in issues:
    print(f'#{issue.number}: {issue.title}')

# Get first N items without fetching everything
first_10 = list(issues[:10])  # only fetches first page

# Count (WARNING: fetches ALL pages)
total_open = issues.totalCount  # uses the count from API metadata, not iteration

Обработка исключений, связанных с ограничением запросов

from github import Github
from github.GithubException import RateLimitExceededException
import os
import time
import datetime

g = Github(token=os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])

def github_call_with_rate_limit(func, *args, **kwargs):
    while True:
        try:
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        except RateLimitExceededException:
            rate_limit = g.get_rate_limit()
            reset_time = rate_limit.core.reset.replace(tzinfo=None)
            now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
            wait_seconds = (reset_time - now).total_seconds() + 10

            print(f'Rate limit exceeded. Sleeping {wait_seconds:.0f}s until reset...')
            time.sleep(max(wait_seconds, 1))

# Usage
repo = github_call_with_rate_limit(
    g.get_repo, 'myorg/myrepo'
)

Поиск по GitHub

from github import Github
import os

g = Github(token=os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])

# Search issues across all your repos
results = g.search_issues(
    query='is:open is:issue label:bug user:myorg',
    sort='created',
    order='desc'
)

print(f'Found {results.totalCount} open bugs')
for issue in results[:10]:
    print(f'{issue.repository.full_name}#{issue.number}: {issue.title}')

# Search for repos using a specific package
repos = g.search_repositories(
    query='topic:machine-learning language:python stars:>100'
)
for repo in repos[:5]:
    print(f'{repo.full_name}: {repo.stargazers_count} stars')

Работа с несколькими репозиториями

from github import Github
import os
import datetime

g = Github(token=os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])
org = g.get_organization('myorg')

# Get all active Python repos
cutoff = datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=180)

active_repos = [
    repo
    for repo in org.get_repos(type='all')
    if (
        not repo.archived
        and repo.language == 'Python'
        and repo.pushed_at
        and repo.pushed_at.replace(tzinfo=None) > cutoff
    )
]

print(f'Active Python repos: {len(active_repos)}')
for repo in active_repos[:5]:
    print(f'  {repo.name}: last push {repo.pushed_at.date()}')

Чтение содержимого файла из репозитория

from github import Github
import os

g = Github(token=os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])
repo = g.get_repo('myorg/myrepo')

# Read a file from the default branch
contents = repo.get_contents('README.md')
readme_text = contents.decoded_content.decode('utf-8')
print(f'README ({len(readme_text)} chars):')
print(readme_text[:200])

# Read from a specific branch
requirements = repo.get_contents(
    'requirements.txt',
    ref='feature/new-deps'
)
deps = requirements.decoded_content.decode('utf-8')
print('Dependencies:', deps[:300])

Обработка распространённых исключений GitHub

from github import Github
from github.GithubException import (
    GithubException, UnknownObjectException,
    BadCredentialsException, RateLimitExceededException
)
import os

g = Github(token=os.environ['GITHUB_TOKEN'])

def get_repo_safely(repo_full_name):
    try:
        return g.get_repo(repo_full_name)
    except BadCredentialsException:
        print('ERROR: GitHub token is invalid or expired')
        return None
    except UnknownObjectException:
        print(f'ERROR: Repo not found: {repo_full_name}')
        print('Check: typo in name? Private repo you can\'t access?')
        return None
    except RateLimitExceededException:
        print('ERROR: GitHub rate limit exceeded, retry later')
        return None
    except GithubException as e:
        print(f'GitHub API error {e.status}: {e.data}')
        return None

Быстрая проверка: ограничение запросов

Итоги: REST API GitHub