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Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp · Aula

Testes Unitários com Jest

Aprenda a escrever testes unitários isolados para funções e módulos individuais utilizando a estrutura de testes Jest.

Testes Unitários com Jest é uma aula grátis de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp no CoddyKit. Esta é a aula 1 de 4. Você pode ler a aula completa abaixo gratuitamente — depois pratica ao vivo no navegador com um editor de código integrado e um tutor de IA 24/7. Faz parte do caminho de aprendizado de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp, e seu progresso é sincronizado entre a web e o app CoddyKit. O curso de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp inclui 4 aulas no total.

Partes desta aula ainda não foram traduzidas e aparecem em inglês.

What is Unit Testing?

Welcome to unit testing! This is a fundamental practice in software development where individual components or functions of your application are tested in isolation.

Think of it like checking each gear in a clock separately to ensure it works perfectly before assembling the whole mechanism. This helps catch bugs early!

Meet Jest: Your Testing Buddy

For Node.js, Jest is one of the most popular and developer-friendly testing frameworks. It's developed by Facebook and offers a complete, integrated solution for JavaScript testing.

  • Zero Config: Often works out of the box.
  • Fast: Designed for performance.
  • Rich API: Powerful assertion library (matchers) included.
  • Snapshot Testing: Great for UI components.

Installing Jest

Getting started with Jest is easy. You'll install it as a development dependency in your Node.js project. Open your terminal in your project's root directory and run:

npm install --save-dev jest

After installation, you can add a script to your package.json file to easily run your tests:

"scripts": { "test": "jest" }

Our First Function to Test

Let's write a simple function that we want to test. This function will add two numbers. We'll put it in a file named sum.js.

You can run this file directly to see the function in action, but later we'll use Jest to test it automatically!

function sum(a, b) {
  return a + b;
}

// This allows us to use 'sum' in other files
module.exports = sum;

// Optional: Run this part only if the file is executed directly
if (require.main === module) {
  console.log("Running sum(2, 3):");
  console.log("Result: ", sum(2, 3)); // Expected: 5
}

Structuring Your Test File

Jest looks for test files with specific naming conventions, usually .test.js or .spec.js. Let's create sum.test.js in the same directory.

Inside, we use describe() to group related tests and test() (or it()) for individual test cases. This makes your tests organized and readable.

Making Assertions with Matchers

Inside a test() block, we use expect() combined with a "matcher" to assert that a value meets certain conditions. For example, .toBe() checks for exact equality.

Here's how we'd test our sum function:

const sum = require('./sum');

describe('sum function', () => {
  test('adds 1 + 2 to equal 3', () => {
    expect(sum(1, 2)).toBe(3);
  });

  test('adds 0 + 0 to equal 0', () => {
    expect(sum(0, 0)).toBe(0);
  });

  test('adds negative numbers correctly', () => {
    expect(sum(-1, -2)).toBe(-3);
  });
});

Running Your Tests

Now that you have your sum.js and sum.test.js files, and Jest installed with the script configured, you can run your tests!

Simply type npm test in your terminal. Jest will find your .test.js files, execute them, and report the results. You'll see green if all tests pass!

Handling Async Tests

Many Node.js applications deal with asynchronous operations (like fetching data, database calls). Jest handles these beautifully!

You can use async/await directly in your test functions. Jest will wait for the promise to resolve before completing the test.

function fetchData() {
  return new Promise(resolve => {
    setTimeout(() => {
      resolve("Data from API");
    }, 50);
  });
}

module.exports = fetchData;

// Optional: Run this part only if the file is executed directly
if (require.main === module) {
  console.log("Simulating data fetch...");
  fetchData().then(data => console.log("Received: ", data));
}

Writing Async Tests

To test our fetchData function, we'll mark our test function as async. Jest also provides special matchers like .resolves and .rejects for promises.

Using await within your test makes asynchronous code look synchronous, improving readability.

const fetchData = require('./fetchData');

describe('fetchData function', () => {
  test('should return "Data from API"', async () => {
    const data = await fetchData();
    expect(data).toBe('Data from API');
  });

  test('should resolve with specific data', () => {
    return expect(fetchData()).resolves.toBe('Data from API');
  });
});

Jest Matcher Check

Which of the following Jest matchers would you use to check if two objects have the same value (deep comparison), not just if they are the same instance?

Unit Testing with Jest: Recap

Great job! You've learned the basics of unit testing with Jest. We covered:

  • What unit testing is and its benefits.
  • How to install and set up Jest.
  • Structuring tests with describe and test.
  • Making assertions using expect and matchers like .toBe() and .toEqual().
  • Handling asynchronous code with async/await.

Keep practicing and happy testing!

Perguntas Frequentes

A aula “Testes Unitários com Jest” é grátis?

Sim — o texto completo de “Testes Unitários com Jest” é grátis para ler aqui na web. Para praticá-la interativamente (um editor de código integrado e um tutor de IA 24/7) e desbloquear o restante do curso de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp, atualize para CoddyKit PRO. O curso de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp inclui 4 aulas no total.

O que vou aprender em “Testes Unitários com Jest”?

Aprenda a escrever testes unitários isolados para funções e módulos individuais utilizando a estrutura de testes Jest. Você pratica Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp com código prático que executa diretamente no navegador, e um tutor de IA 24/7 responde suas dúvidas enquanto trabalha na aula.

Preciso ter experiência prévia para começar Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp?

Nenhuma experiência prévia é necessária. Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp no CoddyKit é estruturado para alunos iniciantes até avançados, então você pode começar aqui ou desde o início e aprender no seu ritmo. Esta é a aula 1 de 4.

Quanto tempo leva a aula “Testes Unitários com Jest”?

A maioria das aulas CoddyKit leva cerca de 5–10 minutos. Cada uma é compacta e interativa, então você faz progresso constante e retoma exatamente de onde parou entre web e app.

Posso escrever e executar código nesta aula de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp?

Sim. Cada aula de Node.js Backend Development Bootcamp inclui um editor de código integrado, então você escreve e executa código real direto no navegador e recebe feedback de IA instantaneamente — nenhuma configuração local necessária.

Todas as aulas deste curso

  1. Testes Unitários com Jest
  2. Testes de integração de endpoints de API
  3. Técnicas eficazes de depuração
  4. Simulações e substitutos de teste em Node.js
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