Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) · Aula

API Context do React

Utilize a API Context do React para gerenciar o estado global e compartilhar dados entre componentes com eficiência.

API Context do React é uma aula grátis de Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) no CoddyKit. Esta é a aula 1 de 4. Você pode ler a aula completa abaixo gratuitamente — depois pratica ao vivo no navegador com um editor de código integrado e um tutor de IA 24/7. Faz parte do caminho de aprendizado de Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions), e seu progresso é sincronizado entre a web e o app CoddyKit. O curso de Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) inclui 4 aulas no total.

Partes desta aula ainda não foram traduzidas e aparecem em inglês.

Why Global State?

In larger applications, components often need to share data. Passing data down through many layers of components is called prop drilling. It can make your code hard to read and maintain.

React Context API helps solve this by providing a way to share state across the component tree without manually passing props at each level.

Meet React Context

React Context provides a way to pass data through the component tree without having to pass props down manually at every level.

It's designed to share "global" data for a tree of React components, like the current authenticated user, theme, or preferred language.

Define Your Context

The first step is to create a Context object using React.createContext(). You can give it a default value, which is used when a component tries to consume the context without a matching Provider above it in the tree.

// Simulate React environment
const createContext = (defaultValue) => ({
  _value: defaultValue, // Internal storage for the context value
  Provider: function({ value, children }) {
    this._value = value; // Update internal value when Provider is used
    return children; // Simulate rendering children
  },
  get value() { return this._value; } // Getter for useContext
});

// --- Your Context ---
const ThemeContext = createContext('light');

// --- Entry point (simulated) ---
function main() {
  console.log("ThemeContext default value:", ThemeContext.value);
}

main();

Making Data Available

To make the context value available to components, you wrap them with a Context Provider. The provider takes a value prop, which will be the data accessible to all components nested inside it.

You can have multiple Providers for different contexts, or even nested Providers for the same context to override values.

// Simulate React environment
const createContext = (defaultValue) => ({
  _value: defaultValue,
  Provider: function({ value, children }) {
    this._value = value;
    return children;
  },
  get value() { return this._value; }
});

// --- Your Context ---
const UserContext = createContext(null); // Default to no user

// --- Simulated Component Tree ---
const App = () => {
  const currentUser = { name: "Coddy", id: 123 };
  return UserContext.Provider({
    value: currentUser,
    children: "User data is now provided."
  });
};

// --- Entry point ---
function main() {
  App(); // Call App to set the context value
  console.log("Context value after App render:", UserContext.value.name);
}

main();

Accessing Context with Hook

The easiest way to read context in a functional component is using the useContext hook. It takes the Context object itself (e.g., UserContext) as an argument and returns the current context value.

When the context value changes, the component using useContext will automatically re-render.

// Simulate React environment
const createContext = (defaultValue) => ({
  _value: defaultValue,
  Provider: function({ value, children }) {
    this._value = value;
    return children;
  },
  get value() { return this._value; }
});

const useContext = (Context) => {
  return Context.value;
};

// --- Your Context & Components ---
const LanguageContext = createContext('en');

const GreetUser = () => {
  const language = useContext(LanguageContext);
  return `Greeting in ${language}: Hello!`;
};

const App = () => {
  return LanguageContext.Provider({
    value: "es", // Provide Spanish language
    children: GreetUser() // Render GreetUser inside
  });
};

// --- Entry point ---
function main() {
  console.log(App()); // Simulate rendering App and logging GreetUser's output
}

main();

Practical Example: Theme

Let's build a simple theme switcher using Context. We'll store the current theme (e.g., 'light' or 'dark') and a function to toggle it within our context.

First, we create the context and a wrapper component, ThemeProvider, which will manage the theme state.

// Simulate React environment
let _themeState = 'light'; // Simulate useState for theme
let _setThemeState = (newTheme) => { _themeState = newTheme; };

const createContext = (defaultValue) => ({
  _value: defaultValue,
  Provider: function({ value, children }) {
    this._value = value;
    return children;
  },
  get value() { return this._value; }
});

// --- Theme Context ---
const ThemeContext = createContext({
  theme: 'light',
  toggleTheme: () => {}
});

// --- Theme Provider Component ---
const ThemeProvider = ({ children }) => {
  const theme = _themeState; // Get current theme
  const toggleTheme = () => {
    _setThemeState(theme === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light');
    console.log("Theme toggled to:", _themeState); // Log for simulation
  };

  return ThemeContext.Provider({
    value: { theme, toggleTheme },
    children: children
  });
};

// --- Entry point ---
function main() {
  // Simulate initial render of ThemeProvider
  ThemeProvider({ children: "Theme setup complete." });
  console.log("Initial theme:", ThemeContext.value.theme);
}

main();

Displaying Current Theme

Now that we have our ThemeProvider, any component nested inside it can access the theme and toggleTheme function using useContext(ThemeContext). Let's create a component to display the current theme.

// Simulate React environment (from previous scenes)
let _themeState = 'light';
let _setThemeState = (newTheme) => { _themeState = newTheme; };

const createContext = (defaultValue) => ({
  _value: defaultValue,
  Provider: function({ value, children }) {
    this._value = value;
    return children;
  },
  get value() { return this._value; }
});

const useContext = (Context) => {
  return Context.value;
};

// --- Theme Context ---
const ThemeContext = createContext({
  theme: 'light',
  toggleTheme: () => {}
});

// --- Theme Provider Component ---
const ThemeProvider = ({ children }) => {
  const theme = _themeState;
  const toggleTheme = () => {
    _setThemeState(theme === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light');
  };
  return ThemeContext.Provider({
    value: { theme, toggleTheme },
    children: children
  });
};

// --- Component to display theme ---
const ThemeDisplay = () => {
  const { theme } = useContext(ThemeContext);
  return `Current theme is: ${theme}`;
};

// --- App structure ---
const App = () => {
  return ThemeProvider({
    children: ThemeDisplay() // ThemeDisplay is nested inside Provider
  });
};

// --- Entry point ---
function main() {
  console.log(App()); // Simulate rendering
}

main();

Adding Interactivity

To allow users to change the theme, we need a way to call the toggleTheme function provided by our ThemeProvider. We'll create a button component that uses useContext to get this function and trigger it on click.

// Simulate React environment (from previous scenes)
let _themeState = 'light';
let _setThemeState = (newTheme) => { _themeState = newTheme; };

const createContext = (defaultValue) => ({
  _value: defaultValue,
  Provider: function({ value, children }) {
    this._value = value;
    return children;
  },
  get value() { return this._value; }
});

const useContext = (Context) => {
  return Context.value;
};

// --- Theme Context ---
const ThemeContext = createContext({
  theme: 'light',
  toggleTheme: () => {}
});

// --- Theme Provider Component ---
const ThemeProvider = ({ children }) => {
  const theme = _themeState;
  const toggleTheme = () => {
    _setThemeState(theme === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light');
    console.log("Theme toggled to:", _themeState); // Log for simulation
  };
  return ThemeContext.Provider({
    value: { theme, toggleTheme },
    children: children
  });
};

// --- Component to toggle theme ---
const ThemeTogglerButton = () => {
  const { toggleTheme } = useContext(ThemeContext);
  // Simulate button click
  return `Click to toggle theme. (Calling toggleTheme function)`;
};

// --- App structure ---
const App = () => {
  return ThemeProvider({
    children: ThemeTogglerButton()
  });
};

// --- Entry point ---
function main() {
  console.log(App()); // Simulate rendering
  // In a real app, a button click would call toggleTheme
  ThemeContext.value.toggleTheme(); // Simulate a click
  console.log("After simulated click, new theme:", _themeState);
}

main();

When to Use Context

Context is great for global state, but it's not a replacement for local component state or prop drilling for simple cases.

Global Data: Use for themes, user auth, language settings.
Avoid for: Frequent updates (can cause many re-renders), or state only needed by a few direct children.
Separate Contexts: Create different contexts for unrelated pieces of global state to prevent unnecessary re-renders.

Context & Performance

When a Context's value changes, all components consuming that context (via useContext) will re-render, even if they only use part of the value.

To optimize, you can:

Split large contexts into smaller, more focused ones.
Memoize complex objects passed as value to prevent unnecessary re-renders of consumers.

Quick Context Check

Which of the following statements about React Context API are TRUE?

Recap: React Context

You've learned how to use the React Context API to manage global state!

createContext: Creates a Context object.
Context.Provider: Makes data available to children via its value prop.
useContext: Hook to consume Context data in functional components.

Context is powerful for sharing data like themes or user info across your app, reducing prop drilling.

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Utilize a API Context do React para gerenciar o estado global e compartilhar dados entre componentes com eficiência. Você pratica Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) com código prático que executa diretamente no navegador, e um tutor de IA 24/7 responde suas dúvidas enquanto trabalha na aula.

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