Testes de interface com Espresso

O que é o Espresso?

Configuração

// app/build.gradle:
android {
    defaultConfig {
        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }
}

dependencies {
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:3.5.1'  // RecyclerView
}

ActivityScenarioRule

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class LoginActivityTest {

    @get:Rule
    val activityRule = ActivityScenarioRule(LoginActivity::class.java)

    @Test
    fun `login button is displayed`() {
        onView(withId(R.id.btnLogin))
            .check(matches(isDisplayed()))
    }
}

onView() e ViewMatchers

// Match by ID:
onView(withId(R.id.tvTitle))

// Match by text:
onView(withText("Submit"))

// Match by content description (for accessibility):
onView(withContentDescription("Close dialog"))

// Combine matchers:
onView(allOf(withId(R.id.btnSave), isEnabled()))

// Inside a specific parent:
onView(withId(R.id.btnSave)).inRoot(isDialog())

ViewActions — interagindo com views

// Tap a button:
onView(withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(click())

// Type into an EditText:
onView(withId(R.id.etEmail))
    .perform(typeText("alice@example.com"), closeSoftKeyboard())

// Clear text and retype:
onView(withId(R.id.etPassword))
    .perform(clearText(), typeText("secret123"), closeSoftKeyboard())

// Scroll to a view:
onView(withId(R.id.btnSubmit)).perform(scrollTo(), click())

// Long press:
onView(withId(R.id.ivImage)).perform(longClick())

ViewAssertions — verificando o estado

// View is displayed:
onView(withId(R.id.tvError)).check(matches(isDisplayed()))

// View has specific text:
onView(withId(R.id.tvTitle)).check(matches(withText("Welcome!")))

// View is not displayed (GONE or INVISIBLE):
onView(withId(R.id.progressBar)).check(matches(not(isDisplayed())))

// View is enabled:
onView(withId(R.id.btnSave)).check(matches(isEnabled()))

// View does not exist:
onView(withId(R.id.tvError)).check(doesNotExist())

Teste completo de login

@Test
fun `successful login shows home screen`() {
    // Type email
    onView(withId(R.id.etEmail))
        .perform(typeText("alice@example.com"), closeSoftKeyboard())

    // Type password
    onView(withId(R.id.etPassword))
        .perform(typeText("password123"), closeSoftKeyboard())

    // Tap login button
    onView(withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(click())

    // Assert welcome message is shown
    onView(withId(R.id.tvWelcome))
        .check(matches(withText("Welcome, Alice!")))
}

Testando RecyclerView

import androidx.test.espresso.contrib.RecyclerViewActions

@Test
fun `clicking item opens detail screen`() {
    // Scroll to position 5 and click:
    onView(withId(R.id.recyclerView))
        .perform(RecyclerViewActions.actionOnItemAtPosition<RecyclerView.ViewHolder>(
            5, click()
        ))

    // Assert detail screen is shown:
    onView(withId(R.id.tvDetailTitle)).check(matches(isDisplayed()))
}

Testando a validação de entrada

@Test
fun `empty email shows error message`() {
    // Leave email blank, tap login
    onView(withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(click())

    // Assert error is shown
    onView(withId(R.id.tilEmail))
        .check(matches(hasDescendant(withText("Email is required"))))
}

@Test
fun `short password shows error`() {
    onView(withId(R.id.etPassword))
        .perform(typeText("123"), closeSoftKeyboard())
    onView(withId(R.id.btnLogin)).perform(click())
    onView(withId(R.id.tilPassword))
        .check(matches(hasDescendant(withText("Minimum 6 characters"))))
}

Recursos de inatividade

// CountingIdlingResource: increment before async work, decrement when done
val idlingResource = CountingIdlingResource("NetworkCall")

// In your ViewModel/Repository:
idlingResource.increment()
viewModelScope.launch {
    loadData()
    idlingResource.decrement()
}

// In test setUp:
@Before
fun setUp() {
    IdlingRegistry.getInstance().register(idlingResource)
}

@After
fun tearDown() {
    IdlingRegistry.getInstance().unregister(idlingResource)
}

Executando testes do Espresso

Verificação rápida

Recapitulação: testes de interface com Espresso