수동 encode(to:)와 init(from:)

자동 생성만으로 부족할 때

import Foundation

struct Temperature: Codable {
    var celsius: Double
}

print("Manual coding gives full control")

먼저 CodingKeys 선언하기

import Foundation

struct User {
    var name: String
    var age: Int
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey {
        case name
        case age
    }
}

print(User.CodingKeys.name.stringValue)

init(from:) 구현하기

import Foundation

struct User: Decodable {
    var name: String
    var age: Int
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case name, age }
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let c = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        name = try c.decode(String.self, forKey: .name)
        age = try c.decode(Int.self, forKey: .age)
    }
}

let u = try JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: "{\"name\":\"Ada\",\"age\":36}".data(using: .utf8)!)
print(u.name, u.age)

encode(to:) 구현하기

import Foundation

struct User: Encodable {
    var name: String
    var age: Int
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case name, age }
    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var c = encoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        try c.encode(name, forKey: .name)
        try c.encode(age, forKey: .age)
    }
}

let data = try JSONEncoder().encode(User(name: "Ada", age: 36))
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)

인코딩과 디코딩 직접 완성하기

import Foundation

struct Point: Codable {
    var x: Int
    var y: Int
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case x, y }
    init(x: Int, y: Int) { self.x = x; self.y = y }
    init(from d: Decoder) throws {
        let c = try d.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        x = try c.decode(Int.self, forKey: .x)
        y = try c.decode(Int.self, forKey: .y)
    }
    func encode(to e: Encoder) throws {
        var c = e.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        try c.encode(x, forKey: .x)
        try c.encode(y, forKey: .y)
    }
}

let back = try JSONDecoder().decode(Point.self, from: try JSONEncoder().encode(Point(x: 1, y: 2)))
print(back.x, back.y)

기본값 제공하기

import Foundation

struct Settings: Decodable {
    var theme: String
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case theme }
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let c = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        theme = try c.decodeIfPresent(String.self, forKey: .theme) ?? "light"
    }
}

let s = try JSONDecoder().decode(Settings.self, from: "{}".data(using: .utf8)!)
print(s.theme)

값 변환하기

import Foundation

struct Reading: Decodable {
    var celsius: Double
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case fahrenheit }
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let c = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        let f = try c.decode(Double.self, forKey: .fahrenheit)
        celsius = (f - 32) * 5 / 9
    }
}

let r = try JSONDecoder().decode(Reading.self, from: "{\"fahrenheit\":212}".data(using: .utf8)!)
print(r.celsius)

중첩 JSON 평탄화하기

import Foundation

struct Profile: Decodable {
    var city: String
    enum Keys: String, CodingKey { case address }
    enum AddressKeys: String, CodingKey { case city }
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let c = try decoder.container(keyedBy: Keys.self)
        let a = try c.nestedContainer(keyedBy: AddressKeys.self, forKey: .address)
        city = try a.decode(String.self, forKey: .city)
    }
}

let json = "{\"address\":{\"city\":\"Rome\"}}"
let p = try JSONDecoder().decode(Profile.self, from: json.data(using: .utf8)!)
print(p.city)

중첩 컨테이너에 인코딩하기

import Foundation

struct Profile: Encodable {
    var city: String
    enum Keys: String, CodingKey { case address }
    enum AddressKeys: String, CodingKey { case city }
    func encode(to encoder: Encoder) throws {
        var c = encoder.container(keyedBy: Keys.self)
        var a = c.nestedContainer(keyedBy: AddressKeys.self, forKey: .address)
        try a.encode(city, forKey: .city)
    }
}

let data = try JSONEncoder().encode(Profile(city: "Rome"))
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)

디코딩 중 유효성 검사하기

import Foundation

struct Score: Decodable {
    var value: Int
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case value }
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let c = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        let v = try c.decode(Int.self, forKey: .value)
        guard (0...100).contains(v) else {
            throw DecodingError.dataCorruptedError(forKey: .value, in: c, debugDescription: "out of range")
        }
        value = v
    }
}

let s = try JSONDecoder().decode(Score.self, from: "{\"value\":80}".data(using: .utf8)!)
print(s.value)

수동 구현과 자동 생성 함께 사용하기

import Foundation

struct Flag: Codable {
    var on: Bool
    enum CodingKeys: String, CodingKey { case on }
    init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
        let c = try decoder.container(keyedBy: CodingKeys.self)
        on = (try? c.decode(Bool.self, forKey: .on)) ?? false
    }
    init(on: Bool) { self.on = on }
}

let data = try JSONEncoder().encode(Flag(on: true))
print(String(data: data, encoding: .utf8)!)

빠른 확인: 수동 코딩

복습: 수동 encode(to:) 및 init(from:)