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Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs · 강의

REST 엔드포인트 보안

무단 접근으로부터 REST API 엔드포인트를 보호하도록 Spring Security를 구현합니다.

REST 엔드포인트 보안은(는) CoddyKit의 무료 Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs 강의입니다. 이것은 3개 중 2번째 강의입니다. 아래에서 전체 강의를 무료로 읽을 수 있으며, 내장 코드 에디터와 24/7 AI 튜터와 함께 브라우저에서 직접 실습할 수 있습니다. 이 강의는 Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs 학습 경로의 일부이며, 진행 상황이 웹과 CoddyKit 앱에 동기화됩니다. Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs 강의에는 총 3개의 강의가 포함되어 있습니다.

이 강의의 일부는 아직 번역되지 않았으며 영어로 표시됩니다.

Why Secure Your API Endpoints?

APIs are gateways to your application's data and functionality. Without proper security, anyone could access, modify, or delete sensitive information.

This lesson will show you how Spring Security helps protect your REST APIs from unauthorized access, ensuring only legitimate users can interact with your services.

Spring Security: Your API's Bouncer

Spring Security is a powerful and highly customizable framework for authentication and access control. For REST APIs, it acts like a bouncer, checking credentials before allowing requests to reach your endpoints.

  • It handles user authentication (who you are).
  • It manages authorization (what you can do).
  • It protects against common web vulnerabilities.

Get Started: Add Dependency

To integrate Spring Security into your Spring Boot project, you need to add its starter dependency to your pom.xml file (if using Maven).

This dependency brings in all the necessary Spring Security components and auto-configuration.

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

Default Security Behavior

Once the Spring Security dependency is added, your Spring Boot application automatically secures all HTTP endpoints!

When you run the app, Spring Security generates a random password and logs it to the console. You'll need this password, along with the default username "user", to access any endpoint.

Customizing Security Rules

The default security is a good start, but you'll want to define your own rules. We do this by creating a security configuration class.

This class uses @Configuration and @EnableWebSecurity, and defines a SecurityFilterChain bean to customize HTTP security.

Try running this basic setup. It will still require authentication, but we'll add users next!

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.httpBasic(); // Enable basic auth
        http.authorizeHttpRequests(authorize -> authorize
            .anyRequest().authenticated() // All requests need auth
        );
        return http.build();
    }
}

@RestController
class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello, Secured World!";
    }
}

Defining Users in Memory

For simple applications or testing, you can define users directly in your security configuration using an InMemoryUserDetailsManager bean.

We'll add a user named "user" with password "password" and role "USER". Note: withDefaultPasswordEncoder() is for quick demos; in production, use strong password encoders.

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.httpBasic();
        http.authorizeHttpRequests(authorize -> authorize
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
        );
        return http.build();
    }

    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        UserDetails user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
            .username("user")
            .password("password")
            .roles("USER")
            .build();
        return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user);
    }
}

@RestController
class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello, Secured User!";
    }
}

Endpoint-Specific Authorization

You can define different security rules for different URL patterns using requestMatchers(). The anyRequest().authenticated() rule ensures all other requests require authentication.

Here, we'll make our /hello endpoint require authentication, while other paths will be public.

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.httpBasic();
        http.authorizeHttpRequests(authorize -> authorize
            .requestMatchers("/hello").authenticated() // /hello requires auth
            .anyRequest().permitAll() // All other requests are public
        );
        return http.build();
    }

    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        UserDetails user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
            .username("user")
            .password("password")
            .roles("USER")
            .build();
        return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user);
    }
}

@RestController
class HelloController {
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "Hello, Secured User!";
    }

    @GetMapping("/public")
    public String publicEndpoint() {
        return "Hello, Public!";
    }
}

Public Endpoints with permitAll()

Sometimes you need endpoints that don't require any authentication, like a health check or public information. For these, you use .permitAll().

Order matters! More specific rules (like /public/**) should come before more general ones (like anyRequest()).

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.httpBasic();
        http.authorizeHttpRequests(authorize -> authorize
            .requestMatchers("/public/**").permitAll() // Public access
            .requestMatchers("/secure/**").authenticated() // Requires authentication
            .anyRequest().denyAll() // Deny all other requests by default
        );
        return http.build();
    }

    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        UserDetails user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
            .username("user")
            .password("password")
            .roles("USER")
            .build();
        return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user);
    }
}

@RestController
class MyController {
    @GetMapping("/public/info")
    public String publicInfo() {
        return "This is public information!";
    }

    @GetMapping("/secure/data")
    public String secureData() {
        return "This is secure data!";
    }
}

CSRF Protection & REST APIs

CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection is crucial for browser-based applications. However, for stateless REST APIs typically consumed by non-browser clients (like mobile apps or other services), CSRF protection is generally not needed and can sometimes cause issues.

You can explicitly disable it in your security configuration:

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
import org.springframework.security.provisioning.InMemoryUserDetailsManager;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Main.class, args);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .csrf().disable() // Disable CSRF for REST APIs
            .httpBasic();
        http.authorizeHttpRequests(authorize -> authorize
            .requestMatchers("/public/**").permitAll()
            .requestMatchers("/secure/**").authenticated()
            .anyRequest().denyAll()
        );
        return http.build();
    }

    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
        UserDetails user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
            .username("user")
            .password("password")
            .roles("USER")
            .build();
        return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user);
    }
}

@RestController
class MyController {
    @GetMapping("/public/info")
    public String publicInfo() {
        return "This is public information!";
    }

    @GetMapping("/secure/data")
    public String secureData() {
        return "This is secure data!";
    }
}

Quick Check: Security Access

Consider the following SecurityConfig. What would happen if you try to access /api/status without providing any credentials?

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.web.SecurityFilterChain;

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .csrf().disable()
            .httpBasic();
        http.authorizeHttpRequests(authorize -> authorize
            .requestMatchers("/api/public/**").permitAll()
            .requestMatchers("/api/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
            .anyRequest().authenticated()
        );
        return http.build();
    }
}

Lesson Recap: Securing Endpoints

In this lesson, you learned the foundational steps to secure your Spring Boot REST API endpoints:

  • Added the Spring Security dependency.
  • Understood the default security behavior.
  • Configured a SecurityFilterChain to define custom rules.
  • Set up in-memory users for basic authentication.
  • Used requestMatchers() with permitAll() and authenticated() to define access for specific paths.
  • Disabled CSRF protection for stateless REST APIs.

This knowledge is crucial for building robust and secure microservices!

자주 묻는 질문

“REST 엔드포인트 보안” 강의는 무료인가요?

네 — “REST 엔드포인트 보안” 전체 내용을 이 웹사이트에서 무료로 읽을 수 있습니다. 인터랙티브하게 실습하려면(내장 코드 에디터와 24/7 AI 튜터), CoddyKit PRO로 업그레이드하면 Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs 강의 전체를 잠금 해제할 수 있습니다. Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs 강의에는 총 3개의 강의가 포함되어 있습니다.

“REST 엔드포인트 보안”에서 뭘 배우나요?

무단 접근으로부터 REST API 엔드포인트를 보호하도록 Spring Security를 구현합니다. 브라우저에서 직접 실행하는 실습 코드로 Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs을(를) 배우며, 24/7 AI 튜터가 강의를 진행하면서 질문에 답변해줍니다.

Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs을(를) 시작하는 데 경험이 필요한가요?

사전 경험은 필요하지 않습니다. CoddyKit의 Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs은(는) 초급자부터 고급 학습자까지를 위해 구성되어 있으므로, 여기서 시작하거나 처음부터 시작할 수 있으며 자신의 속도대로 진행할 수 있습니다. 이것은 3개 중 2번째 강의입니다.

“REST 엔드포인트 보안” 강의는 얼마나 걸리나요?

대부분의 CoddyKit 강의는 약 5~10분이 소요됩니다. 각 강의는 간결하고 인터랙티브하여 꾸준한 진행이 가능하며, 웹과 앱에서 중단한 부분부터 바로 시작할 수 있습니다.

이 Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs 강의에서 코드를 작성하고 실행할 수 있나요?

네. 모든 Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs 강의에는 내장 코드 에디터가 포함되어 있으므로, 브라우저에서 바로 실제 코드를 작성하고 실행한 후 즉시 AI 피드백을 받을 수 있습니다 — 로컬 설정이 필요 없습니다.

이 강의의 모든 강의

  1. OAuth2 및 JWT 기초
  2. REST 엔드포인트 보안
  3. 역할 기반 접근 제어
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