Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) · 강의

form Action 속성을 활용한 점진적 향상

Server Actions에 폼을 연결하여 JavaScript 없이도 작동하고 하이드레이션 후 기능을 향상하는 방법을 배웁니다.

form Action 속성을 활용한 점진적 향상은(는) CoddyKit의 무료 Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) 강의입니다. 이것은 4개 중 1번째 강의입니다. 아래에서 전체 강의를 무료로 읽을 수 있으며, 내장 코드 에디터와 24/7 AI 튜터와 함께 브라우저에서 직접 실습할 수 있습니다. 이 강의는 Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) 학습 경로의 일부이며, 진행 상황이 웹과 CoddyKit 앱에 동기화됩니다. Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) 강의에는 총 4개의 강의가 포함되어 있습니다.

이 강의의 일부는 아직 번역되지 않았으며 영어로 표시됩니다.

Forms That Work Without JavaScript

Progressive enhancement means a form works using plain HTML first, then gets better once JavaScript loads and React hydrates.

In Next.js 15 App Router, you achieve this by passing a Server Action directly to a form's action prop. The browser can submit the form natively to the server before any client JS arrives.

No JS yet? The form still posts and the server responds.
JS hydrated? React intercepts the submit and uses fetch under the hood, avoiding a full page reload.

What a Server Action Looks Like

A Server Action is an async function marked with the 'use server' directive. It runs only on the server.

When passed to <form action={...}>, Next.js wires it up so the form's fields arrive as FormData.

// app/actions.ts
'use server'

export async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
  const title = formData.get('title') as string
  const body = formData.get('body') as string
  // ...persist to your database here
  console.log('Saving:', { title, body })
}

Wiring the Action to the Form

Pass the Server Action straight into the action prop. Because this is real HTML, each input needs a name attribute so it shows up in FormData.

This component can be a Server Component — no 'use client' needed for the basic case.

// app/new/page.tsx
import { createPost } from '../actions'

export default function NewPostPage() {
  return (
    <form action={createPost}>
      <input name="title" placeholder="Title" required />
      <textarea name="body" placeholder="Body" />
      <button type="submit">Publish</button>
    </form>
  )
}

Why the name Attribute Matters

Native form submission serializes inputs by their name. Next.js builds the FormData object from those names — both when JS is off (native POST) and when it is on (intercepted fetch).

formData.get('title') reads the input named title.
An input without a name is invisible to the server.
This is the same contract as classic HTML forms, which is exactly why it degrades gracefully.

The No-JavaScript Path

Disable JavaScript in your browser and submit the form. It still works.

Here is what happens on that path:

The browser performs a standard HTTP POST to the current route.
Next.js runs your Server Action on the server with the submitted FormData.
If the action calls redirect() or revalidatePath(), the server responds with the updated page.

This is the baseline that progressive enhancement guarantees.

Redirect and Revalidate After Submit

After a successful mutation you usually want to refresh cached data and navigate. Both work on the no-JS path and the hydrated path.

revalidatePath('/posts') tells Next.js to refetch that route's data.
redirect('/posts') sends the user to the new location.

// app/actions.ts
'use server'

import { revalidatePath } from 'next/cache'
import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'

export async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
  const title = formData.get('title') as string
  await savePost({ title })
  revalidatePath('/posts')
  redirect('/posts')
}

Validating FormData on the Server

Never trust client input. Validate inside the Server Action so the rules apply even when JavaScript is disabled.

A clean approach is to parse FormData with a schema and return a typed result the form can display.

// app/actions.ts
'use server'

import { z } from 'zod'

const schema = z.object({
  title: z.string().min(3, 'Title too short'),
})

export async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
  const parsed = schema.safeParse({
    title: formData.get('title'),
  })
  if (!parsed.success) {
    return { error: parsed.error.flatten().fieldErrors }
  }
  await savePost(parsed.data)
  return { error: null }
}

Enhancing with useFormStatus

Once hydrated, you can show pending UI. The useFormStatus hook reports whether the parent form is submitting.

It must be called from a child component of the form, inside a Client Component. When JS is off, this code simply doesn't run, and the plain button is what the user sees.

// app/submit-button.tsx
'use client'

import { useFormStatus } from 'react-dom'

export function SubmitButton() {
  const { pending } = useFormStatus()
  return (
    <button type="submit" disabled={pending}>
      {pending ? 'Publishing...' : 'Publish'}
    </button>
  )
}

Returning State with useActionState

To surface validation errors and success messages, wrap the action with useActionState (React 19 / Next.js 15). It threads the action's return value back into your component as state.

The form still works without JS: the same action runs on a native POST, just without the in-place state update.

// app/post-form.tsx
'use client'

import { useActionState } from 'react'
import { createPost } from './actions'

export function PostForm() {
  const [state, formAction] = useActionState(createPost, { error: null })
  return (
    <form action={formAction}>
      <input name="title" />
      {state.error?.title && <p>{state.error.title[0]}</p>}
      <button type="submit">Publish</button>
    </form>
  )
}

Matching the Action Signature

When you use useActionState, the Server Action gains an extra first argument: the previous state. The signature changes from (formData) to (prevState, formData).

Keep the return shape consistent so the initial state and every result line up.

// app/actions.ts
'use server'

type State = { error: string | null }

export async function createPost(
  prevState: State,
  formData: FormData,
): Promise<State> {
  const title = formData.get('title') as string
  if (!title) return { error: 'Title is required' }
  await savePost({ title })
  return { error: null }
}

Keeping the No-JS Path Healthy

Progressive enhancement only holds if you avoid breaking the native path. Watch out for:

Relying on onClick or onChange handlers for required behavior — those need JS.
Submitting without a type="submit" button.
Reading values from React state instead of FormData in the action.

Rule of thumb: the action and inputs carry the contract; client hooks only enhance it. Test by disabling JS at least once.

Quick Check

Test your understanding of how a Server Action enables progressive enhancement.

Recap

You learned how to build progressively enhanced forms in Next.js 15:

Pass a Server Action to <form action={...}> so it works via native POST before hydration.
Give every input a name — that is the contract that feeds FormData on both paths.
Validate on the server so rules apply even with JS disabled.
Use redirect and revalidatePath to update the UI after a mutation.
Enhance with useFormStatus (pending UI) and useActionState (returned state), remembering the action signature becomes (prevState, formData).
Keep required behavior in the action and inputs, not in client-only handlers, and test with JavaScript off.

자주 묻는 질문

“form Action 속성을 활용한 점진적 향상” 강의는 무료인가요?

네 — “form Action 속성을 활용한 점진적 향상” 전체 내용을 이 웹사이트에서 무료로 읽을 수 있습니다. 인터랙티브하게 실습하려면(내장 코드 에디터와 24/7 AI 튜터), CoddyKit PRO로 업그레이드하면 Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) 강의 전체를 잠금 해제할 수 있습니다. Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) 강의에는 총 4개의 강의가 포함되어 있습니다.

“form Action 속성을 활용한 점진적 향상”에서 뭘 배우나요?

Server Actions에 폼을 연결하여 JavaScript 없이도 작동하고 하이드레이션 후 기능을 향상하는 방법을 배웁니다. 브라우저에서 직접 실행하는 실습 코드로 Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions)을(를) 배우며, 24/7 AI 튜터가 강의를 진행하면서 질문에 답변해줍니다.

Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions)을(를) 시작하는 데 경험이 필요한가요?

사전 경험은 필요하지 않습니다. CoddyKit의 Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions)은(는) 초급자부터 고급 학습자까지를 위해 구성되어 있으므로, 여기서 시작하거나 처음부터 시작할 수 있으며 자신의 속도대로 진행할 수 있습니다. 이것은 4개 중 1번째 강의입니다.

“form Action 속성을 활용한 점진적 향상” 강의는 얼마나 걸리나요?

대부분의 CoddyKit 강의는 약 5~10분이 소요됩니다. 각 강의는 간결하고 인터랙티브하여 꾸준한 진행이 가능하며, 웹과 앱에서 중단한 부분부터 바로 시작할 수 있습니다.

이 Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) 강의에서 코드를 작성하고 실행할 수 있나요?

네. 모든 Next.js 15 Fullstack (App Router + Server Actions) 강의에는 내장 코드 에디터가 포함되어 있으므로, 브라우저에서 바로 실제 코드를 작성하고 실행한 후 즉시 AI 피드백을 받을 수 있습니다 — 로컬 설정이 필요 없습니다.

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