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NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs · 강의

TypeORM을 사용한 CRUD 작업

TypeORM 저장소를 사용하여 엔터티의 생성, 조회, 수정, 삭제 기능을 완전히 구현합니다.

TypeORM을 사용한 CRUD 작업은(는) CoddyKit의 무료 NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs 강의입니다. 이것은 3개 중 2번째 강의입니다. 아래에서 전체 강의를 무료로 읽을 수 있으며, 내장 코드 에디터와 24/7 AI 튜터와 함께 브라우저에서 직접 실습할 수 있습니다. 이 강의는 NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs 학습 경로의 일부이며, 진행 상황이 웹과 CoddyKit 앱에 동기화됩니다. NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs 강의에는 총 3개의 강의가 포함되어 있습니다.

이 강의의 일부는 아직 번역되지 않았으며 영어로 표시됩니다.

CRUD Basics with TypeORM

Welcome! In this lesson, we'll master CRUD operations using TypeORM, a powerful Object-Relational Mapper for TypeScript.

CRUD stands for Create, Read, Update, and Delete. These are the four fundamental operations for managing data in almost any application.

TypeORM simplifies interacting with your database by mapping database rows to TypeScript objects, making these operations intuitive.

Defining Our Product Entity

Before performing CRUD, we need an entity. An entity is a class that maps directly to a database table. Let's imagine a simple Product entity for our examples.

In TypeORM, you'd use decorators like @Entity(), @PrimaryGeneratedColumn(), and @Column() to define its structure and how it maps to your database schema.

Understanding the Repository

TypeORM uses the repository pattern. A repository is like a specialized collection that handles data access for a specific entity (e.g., a ProductRepository for Product entities).

You inject this repository into your services and use its methods to perform CRUD operations. It abstracts away the complex database queries.

Create: Adding New Products

To add new data to your database, you primarily use the .save() method of your repository. It intelligently handles both new insertions and updates to existing entities.

Here's a simplified example of creating a new product:

class Product {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  constructor(name: string, price: number, id: number = 0) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.price = price;
  }
}

class MockProductRepository {
  private products: Product[] = [];
  private nextId = 1;

  async save(product: Product): Promise<Product> {
    if (product.id === 0) { // Simulate new product
      product.id = this.nextId++;
      this.products.push(product);
    } else { // Simulate update
      const index = this.products.findIndex(p => p.id === product.id);
      if (index > -1) { this.products[index] = product; }
    }
    return product;
  }

  async find(): Promise<Product[]> {
    return this.products;
  }
}

async function main() {
  const repo = new MockProductRepository();
  console.log("--- Creating a Product ---");
  const newProduct = await repo.save(new Product("Keyboard", 75));
  console.log("Created:", newProduct);

  console.log("\n--- Current Products ---");
  const allProducts = await repo.find();
  console.log(allProducts);
}

main();

Read: Fetching Products

Reading data is fundamental. TypeORM repositories offer several methods to retrieve entities:

  • .find(): Retrieves all entities matching given criteria.
  • .findOneBy(): Retrieves a single entity by a simple condition (e.g., by ID).
  • .findBy(): Retrieves multiple entities by simple conditions.

Let's see how to find products:

class Product {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  constructor(name: string, price: number, id: number = 0) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.price = price;
  }
}

class MockProductRepository {
  private products: Product[] = [];
  private nextId = 1;

  async save(product: Product): Promise<Product> {
    if (product.id === 0) { product.id = this.nextId++; this.products.push(product); }
    else { const index = this.products.findIndex(p => p.id === product.id);
      if (index > -1) { this.products[index] = product; } }
    return product;
  }

  async find(): Promise<Product[]> { return this.products; }
  async findOneBy(criteria: Partial<Product>): Promise<Product | undefined> {
    return this.products.find(p =>
      Object.keys(criteria).every(key => p[key as keyof Product] === criteria[key as keyof Product])
    );
  }
}

async function main() {
  const repo = new MockProductRepository();
  const product1 = await repo.save(new Product("Mouse", 25));
  const product2 = await repo.save(new Product("Monitor", 300));

  console.log("--- Finding All Products ---");
  let allProducts = await repo.find();
  console.log("All:", allProducts);

  console.log("\n--- Finding One Product by ID ---");
  const foundProduct = await repo.findOneBy({ id: product1.id });
  console.log("Found by ID:", foundProduct);

  console.log("\n--- Finding One Product by Name ---");
  const namedProduct = await repo.findOneBy({ name: "Monitor" });
  console.log("Found by Name:", namedProduct);
}

main();

Update: Modifying Product Details

To modify existing data, you have two primary approaches:

  • Fetch, Modify, Save: Retrieve an entity, update its properties, then call .save() on the modified entity.
  • Direct Update: Use .update(criteria, partialEntity) to update specific columns for entities matching certain criteria without loading them into memory first. This is more efficient for mass updates.
class Product {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  constructor(name: string, price: number, id: number = 0) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.price = price;
  }
}

class MockProductRepository {
  private products: Product[] = [];
  private nextId = 1;

  async save(product: Product): Promise<Product> {
    if (product.id === 0) { product.id = this.nextId++; this.products.push(product); }
    else { const index = this.products.findIndex(p => p.id === product.id);
      if (index > -1) { this.products[index] = product; } }
    return product;
  }

  async findOneBy(criteria: Partial<Product>): Promise<Product | undefined> {
    return this.products.find(p =>
      Object.keys(criteria).every(key => p[key as keyof Product] === criteria[key as keyof Product])
    );
  }
  
  async update(id: number, partialEntity: Partial<Product>): Promise<void> {
    const index = this.products.findIndex(p => p.id === id);
    if (index > -1) {
      this.products[index] = { ...this.products[index], ...partialEntity };
    }
  }
}

async function main() {
  const repo = new MockProductRepository();
  const product = await repo.save(new Product("Headphones", 150));
  console.log("Initial product:", product);

  console.log("\n--- Updating Product Price ---");
  let fetchedProduct = await repo.findOneBy({ id: product.id });
  if (fetchedProduct) {
    fetchedProduct.price = 140; 
    await repo.save(fetchedProduct);
  }
  console.log("Updated via save:", await repo.findOneBy({ id: product.id }));

  const product2 = await repo.save(new Product("Webcam", 80));
  console.log("Initial product 2:", product2);
  await repo.update(product2.id, { price: 70, name: "HD Webcam" });
  console.log("Updated via update:", await repo.findOneBy({ id: product2.id }));
}

main();

Delete: Removing Products

To remove entities from the database, TypeORM provides .delete() and .remove():

  • .delete(criteria): Removes entities by ID or specific conditions. It's efficient as it doesn't load entities into memory first.
  • .remove(entityOrEntities): Removes entities that are already loaded into memory (i.e., you have the full entity object).

Let's remove a product from our mock database:

class Product {
  id: number;
  name: string;
  price: number;
  constructor(name: string, price: number, id: number = 0) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.price = price;
  }
}

class MockProductRepository {
  private products: Product[] = [];
  private nextId = 1;

  async save(product: Product): Promise<Product> {
    if (product.id === 0) { product.id = this.nextId++; this.products.push(product); }
    else { const index = this.products.findIndex(p => p.id === product.id);
      if (index > -1) { this.products[index] = product; } }
    return product;
  }

  async find(): Promise<Product[]> { return this.products; }

  async delete(id: number): Promise<void> {
    this.products = this.products.filter(p => p.id !== id);
  }
  
  async remove(product: Product): Promise<Product> {
    this.products = this.products.filter(p => p.id !== product.id);
    return product; 
  }
}

async function main() {
  const repo = new MockProductRepository();
  const productA = await repo.save(new Product("Pen", 2));
  const productB = await repo.save(new Product("Notebook", 5));
  console.log("Initial products:", await repo.find());

  console.log("\n--- Deleting Product A by ID ---");
  await repo.delete(productA.id);
  console.log("Products after delete:", await repo.find());

  console.log("\n--- Removing Product B (by entity) ---");
  await repo.remove(productB);
  console.log("Products after remove:", await repo.find());
}

main();

CRUD in a NestJS Service

In a real NestJS application, you'd integrate these repository methods within a service. The service would then expose higher-level methods that perform specific business logic, calling the underlying repository methods.

This keeps your controllers clean, focusing only on handling HTTP requests and delegating data operations to the service layer.

// products.service.ts (simplified NestJS service)
import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
import { Repository } from 'typeorm';
import { InjectRepository } from '@nestjs/typeorm';
import { Product } from './product.entity'; // Your entity

@Injectable()
export class ProductsService {
  constructor(
    @InjectRepository(Product)
    private productsRepository: Repository<Product>,
  ) {}

  async create(productData: Partial<Product>): Promise<Product> {
    const newProduct = this.productsRepository.create(productData);
    return this.productsRepository.save(newProduct);
  }

  async findAll(): Promise<Product[]> {
    return this.productsRepository.find();
  }

  async findOne(id: number): Promise<Product | undefined> {
    return this.productsRepository.findOneBy({ id });
  }

  async update(id: number, productData: Partial<Product>): Promise<Product | undefined> {
    await this.productsRepository.update(id, productData);
    return this.findOne(id); 
  }

  async remove(id: number): Promise<void> {
    await this.productsRepository.delete(id);
  }
}

Robust CRUD: Best Practices

Building robust CRUD operations involves more than just calling repository methods:

  • Data Validation: Use Data Transfer Objects (DTOs) and validation pipes to ensure incoming data is valid (covered in A2 L2).
  • Error Handling: Gracefully handle cases like 'entity not found' by throwing appropriate exceptions (e.g., NestJS's NotFoundException).
  • Transactions: For complex operations involving multiple database changes, use transactions (covered in C1 L2) to ensure data consistency.

CRUD Operation Quiz

Which TypeORM repository method is typically used to update only specific fields of an entity without loading the entire entity into memory first?

Recap: Mastering CRUD

Great job! You've learned the essentials of performing CRUD operations using TypeORM repositories.

  • Create: Use .save() to add new entities.
  • Read: Use .find(), .findOneBy() to retrieve entities.
  • Update: Modify and .save(), or use .update() for partial updates.
  • Delete: Use .delete() or .remove() to eliminate entities.

These skills are fundamental for building any data-driven API with NestJS and TypeORM. Next, we'll explore error handling and interceptors to make your APIs more robust!

자주 묻는 질문

“TypeORM을 사용한 CRUD 작업” 강의는 무료인가요?

네 — “TypeORM을 사용한 CRUD 작업” 전체 내용을 이 웹사이트에서 무료로 읽을 수 있습니다. 인터랙티브하게 실습하려면(내장 코드 에디터와 24/7 AI 튜터), CoddyKit PRO로 업그레이드하면 NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs 강의 전체를 잠금 해제할 수 있습니다. NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs 강의에는 총 3개의 강의가 포함되어 있습니다.

“TypeORM을 사용한 CRUD 작업”에서 뭘 배우나요?

TypeORM 저장소를 사용하여 엔터티의 생성, 조회, 수정, 삭제 기능을 완전히 구현합니다. 브라우저에서 직접 실행하는 실습 코드로 NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs을(를) 배우며, 24/7 AI 튜터가 강의를 진행하면서 질문에 답변해줍니다.

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사전 경험은 필요하지 않습니다. CoddyKit의 NestJS Enterprise Backend APIs은(는) 초급자부터 고급 학습자까지를 위해 구성되어 있으므로, 여기서 시작하거나 처음부터 시작할 수 있으며 자신의 속도대로 진행할 수 있습니다. 이것은 3개 중 2번째 강의입니다.

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대부분의 CoddyKit 강의는 약 5~10분이 소요됩니다. 각 강의는 간결하고 인터랙티브하여 꾸준한 진행이 가능하며, 웹과 앱에서 중단한 부분부터 바로 시작할 수 있습니다.

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이 강의의 모든 강의

  1. 경로와 요청 처리
  2. TypeORM을 사용한 CRUD 작업
  3. 오류 처리와 인터셉터
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