공간 데이터 유형

공간 데이터란 무엇인가요?

-- Enable the PostGIS extension
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS postgis;

GEOMETRY 유형

CREATE TABLE locations (
  id      SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name    TEXT,
  geom    geometry(POINT, 4326)
);

POINT 삽입

INSERT INTO locations (name, geom)
VALUES
  ('Eiffel Tower',  ST_GeomFromText('POINT(2.2945 48.8584)', 4326)),
  ('Big Ben',       ST_GeomFromText('POINT(-0.1246 51.5007)', 4326)),
  ('Colosseum',     ST_GeomFromText('POINT(12.4922 41.8902)', 4326));

SELECT name, ST_AsText(geom) AS wkt FROM locations;

LINESTRING 유형

CREATE TABLE roads (
  id    SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name  TEXT,
  path  geometry(LINESTRING, 4326)
);

INSERT INTO roads (name, path)
VALUES (
  'High Street',
  ST_GeomFromText(
    'LINESTRING(-0.125 51.500, -0.120 51.502, -0.115 51.505)',
    4326
  )
);

SELECT name, ST_Length(path) AS length_degrees FROM roads;

POLYGON 유형

CREATE TABLE zones (
  id    SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name  TEXT,
  area  geometry(POLYGON, 4326)
);

INSERT INTO zones (name, area)
VALUES (
  'Central Park Approx',
  ST_GeomFromText(
    'POLYGON((-73.9817 40.7681, -73.9580 40.7681,
              -73.9580 40.7964, -73.9817 40.7964,
              -73.9817 40.7681))',
    4326
  )
);

SELECT name, ST_Area(area) AS area_sq_deg FROM zones;

GEOGRAPHY와 GEOMETRY 비교

CREATE TABLE cities (
  id      SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name    TEXT,
  geog    geography(POINT, 4326)
);

INSERT INTO cities (name, geog) VALUES
  ('New York',  ST_GeogFromText('POINT(-74.0060 40.7128)')),
  ('London',    ST_GeogFromText('POINT(-0.1278 51.5074)'));

-- Distance in metres using geography
SELECT
  a.name AS from_city,
  b.name AS to_city,
  ROUND(ST_Distance(a.geog, b.geog)::NUMERIC) AS distance_m
FROM cities a, cities b
WHERE a.name = 'New York' AND b.name = 'London';

잘 알려진 텍스트(WKT) 및 WKB

SELECT
  name,
  ST_AsText(geom)          AS wkt,
  ST_AsEWKT(geom)          AS ewkt,
  encode(ST_AsBinary(geom), 'hex') AS wkb_hex
FROM locations
LIMIT 2;

MULTIPOINT, MULTILINESTRING, MULTIPOLYGON

SELECT ST_AsText(
  ST_GeomFromText(
    'MULTIPOLYGON(
       ((0 0, 4 0, 4 4, 0 4, 0 0)),
       ((10 10, 14 10, 14 14, 10 14, 10 10))
     )'
  )
) AS multi_poly;

SELECT ST_NumGeometries(
  ST_GeomFromText(
    'MULTIPOLYGON(
       ((0 0, 4 0, 4 4, 0 4, 0 0)),
       ((10 10, 14 10, 14 14, 10 14, 10 10))
     )'
  )
) AS part_count;

GEOMETRYCOLLECTION

SELECT ST_AsText(
  ST_GeomFromText(
    'GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(
       POINT(1 1),
       LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1, 2 2),
       POLYGON((0 0, 3 0, 3 3, 0 3, 0 0))
     )'
  )
) AS collection;

SELECT ST_AsText(
  ST_GeometryN(
    ST_GeomFromText(
      'GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(1 1), LINESTRING(0 0, 1 1))'
    ),
    1
  )
) AS first_member;

GIST를 사용한 공간 색인

-- Create a GIST index on a geometry column
CREATE INDEX idx_locations_geom
  ON locations
  USING GIST (geom);

-- PostgreSQL will now use the index for spatial operators
EXPLAIN ANALYZE
SELECT name
FROM locations
WHERE ST_DWithin(
  geom,
  ST_GeomFromText('POINT(2.3 48.9)', 4326),
  1.0
);

기하 도형 속성 읽기

SELECT
  name,
  ST_X(geom)            AS longitude,
  ST_Y(geom)            AS latitude,
  ST_SRID(geom)         AS srid,
  ST_GeometryType(geom) AS geom_type,
  ST_IsValid(geom)      AS is_valid
FROM locations;

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