usethis와 devtools로 패키지 구조 만들기

R 패키지를 만드는 이유

패키지 뼈대 만들기

# library(usethis)
# library(devtools)
#
# usethis::create_package('~/mypackage')
#
# Creates:
# mypackage/
#   DESCRIPTION     <- package metadata
#   NAMESPACE       <- exported symbols (auto-managed by roxygen2)
#   R/              <- your R source files
#   .Rbuildignore   <- files to exclude from package builds

DESCRIPTION 파일

# DESCRIPTION example:
# Package: mypackage
# Title: Tools for Analyzing Survey Data
# Version: 0.1.0
# Authors@R: person('Alice', 'Smith', email='alice@example.com', role=c('aut','cre'))
# Description: Provides helper functions for cleaning and summarizing survey responses.
# Depends: R (>= 4.1.0)
# Imports: dplyr, stringr
# License: MIT + file LICENSE

use_r()로 함수 추가하기

# usethis::use_r('add')  # creates R/add.R
#
# Write your function in R/add.R:
# add <- function(x, y) {
#   if (!is.numeric(x) || !is.numeric(y)) stop('x and y must be numeric')
#   x + y
# }
#
# Then document it with roxygen2 comments above the function.

devtools::load_all() — 개발 반복 과정

# Development loop:
# 1. Edit R/add.R
# 2. devtools::load_all()   # Ctrl+Shift+L
# 3. add(2, 3)              # test interactively
# 4. Go to step 1
#
# load_all() is much faster than install.packages()
# because it skips compilation and installation steps.

devtools::check() — 전체 점검

# devtools::check()  # runs R CMD check
#
# Common errors to fix:
# ERROR:   Undocumented function 'add' => add roxygen2 docs
# WARNING: No NAMESPACE file => run devtools::document()
# NOTE:    No examples => add @examples in roxygen2
# NOTE:    Dependencies in DESCRIPTION not used => clean up Imports

R/ 디렉터리 구조

# Typical R/ directory for a small package:
# R/
#   add.R          <- add() function + documentation
#   subtract.R     <- subtract() function
#   utils.R        <- internal helpers (not exported)
#   data.R         <- documentation for bundled datasets
#   package.R      <- @docType package documentation

man/ 디렉터리

# man/ is auto-generated:
# man/
#   add.Rd         <- generated from @title, @param etc. in R/add.R
#   subtract.Rd    <- generated from R/subtract.R
#
# Regenerate with:
# devtools::document()  # also updates NAMESPACE
#
# Never edit .Rd files directly -- changes will be overwritten
cat('Always edit roxygen2 comments, never man/*.Rd files directly
')

tests/ 디렉터리

# Set up testing:
# usethis::use_testthat()
#
# Creates:
# tests/
#   testthat.R            <- runner script (do not edit)
#   testthat/
#     test-add.R          <- your test file
#
# Run tests:
# devtools::test()
# devtools::test_file('tests/testthat/test-add.R')

종속성 올바르게 추가하기

# Add a dependency:
# usethis::use_package('stringr')           # adds to Imports
# usethis::use_package('ggplot2', 'Suggests') # adds to Suggests
#
# In R/my_function.R:
# clean_names <- function(x) {
#   stringr::str_to_lower(stringr::str_trim(x))  # use pkg:: prefix
# }

패키지 개발 작업 흐름 요약

빠른 확인: DESCRIPTION 필드

패키지 구조 복습