테이블 변환: map, filter, reduce

local function map(t, fn)
  local result = {}
  for i, v in ipairs(t) do result[i] = fn(v) end
  return result
end
local doubled = map({1,2,3}, function(x) return x * 2 end)
print(table.concat(doubled, ", "))  -- 2, 4, 6

local function filter(t, pred)
  local result = {}
  for _, v in ipairs(t) do
    if pred(v) then result[#result+1] = v end
  end
  return result
end
local evens = filter({1,2,3,4,5}, function(x) return x % 2 == 0 end)
print(table.concat(evens, ", "))  -- 2, 4

local function reduce(t, fn, init)
  local acc = init
  for _, v in ipairs(t) do acc = fn(acc, v) end
  return acc
end
local sum = reduce({1,2,3,4,5}, function(a,b) return a+b end, 0)
print(sum)  -- 15

local nums = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
local result = reduce(
  map(
    filter(nums, function(x) return x % 2 == 0 end),
    function(x) return x * x end
  ),
  function(a,b) return a + b end, 0
)
print(result)  -- 220

local function forEach(t, fn)
  for i, v in ipairs(t) do fn(v, i) end
end
forEach({"a","b","c"}, function(v, i) print(i, v) end)

local function flatMap(t, fn)
  local result = {}
  for _, v in ipairs(t) do
    for _, item in ipairs(fn(v)) do
      result[#result+1] = item
    end
  end
  return result
end
local expanded = flatMap({1,2,3}, function(x) return {x, x*10} end)

local function zip(a, b)
  local result = {}
  for i = 1, math.min(#a, #b) do
    result[i] = {a[i], b[i]}
  end
  return result
end
local zipped = zip({1,2,3}, {"a","b","c"})

local function mapValues(t, fn)
  local result = {}
  for k, v in pairs(t) do result[k] = fn(v) end
  return result
end
local doubled = mapValues({x=1,y=2}, function(v) return v*2 end)