정리 및 신호 처리를 위한 트랩 핸들러

트랩 처리기가 중요한 이유

trap 내장 명령의 문법

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Syntax examples — not a full script

# Register a cleanup function on EXIT
trap cleanup EXIT

# Inline handler for INT and TERM
trap 'echo "Interrupted!"; exit 1' INT TERM

# Ignore SIGHUP
trap '' HUP

# Reset SIGPIPE to default
trap - PIPE

EXIT 트랩 — 안전망

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

TMPFILE=$(mktemp /tmp/myapp.XXXXXX)

cleanup() {
    echo "Removing temp file: $TMPFILE" >&2
    rm -f "$TMPFILE"
}
trap cleanup EXIT

# Do real work
echo "Processing..." > "$TMPFILE"
sort "$TMPFILE" -o "$TMPFILE"
cp "$TMPFILE" /tmp/myapp_result.txt

echo "Done. Result saved."

여러 임시 파일과 디렉터리 처리

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

CLEANUP_TARGETS=()

add_cleanup() {
    CLEANUP_TARGETS+=("$1")
}

cleanup() {
    echo "Running cleanup..." >&2
    for target in "${CLEANUP_TARGETS[@]:-}"; do
        rm -rf "$target"
        echo "Removed: $target" >&2
    done
}
trap cleanup EXIT

# Create and track temp resources
TMPDIR_WORK=$(mktemp -d /tmp/work.XXXXXX)
add_cleanup "$TMPDIR_WORK"

TMPFILE_LOG=$(mktemp /tmp/run.XXXXXX.log)
add_cleanup "$TMPFILE_LOG"

echo "Working in $TMPDIR_WORK" | tee "$TMPFILE_LOG"
touch "$TMPDIR_WORK/output.txt"
echo "Step complete."

ERR 트랩 — 실패 포착

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -eEuo pipefail

on_error() {
    local exit_code=$?
    local line=$1
    echo "ERROR: command failed with exit code $exit_code at line $line" >&2
    echo "  Command: $BASH_COMMAND" >&2
}
trap 'on_error $LINENO' ERR

echo "Starting task..."
cp /nonexistent/file /tmp/   # This will fail
echo "This line is never reached."

INT 트랩 — 우아한 Ctrl+C 처리

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

TMPFILE=$(mktemp /tmp/demo.XXXXXX)

cleanup() {
    rm -f "$TMPFILE"
    echo "Temp file removed." >&2
}

on_interrupt() {
    echo "" >&2
    echo "Caught SIGINT — cancelling gracefully." >&2
    exit 130   # EXIT trap (cleanup) runs automatically after this
}

trap cleanup EXIT
trap on_interrupt INT

echo "Running long task. Press Ctrl+C to cancel."
for i in $(seq 1 10); do
    echo "Step $i/10..."
    sleep 1
done
echo "All steps complete."

EXIT, ERR, INT 트랩 결합

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -eEuo pipefail

TMPFILE=$(mktemp /tmp/combined.XXXXXX)
ROLLBACK_NEEDED=false

cleanup() {
    if [[ "$ROLLBACK_NEEDED" == true ]]; then
        echo "Rolling back partial changes..." >&2
    fi
    rm -f "$TMPFILE"
    echo "Cleanup done." >&2
}

on_error() {
    ROLLBACK_NEEDED=true
    echo "ERR at line $1: $BASH_COMMAND" >&2
}

on_interrupt() {
    echo "Interrupted by user." >&2
    exit 130
}

trap cleanup       EXIT
trap 'on_error $LINENO' ERR
trap on_interrupt  INT

echo "hello" > "$TMPFILE"
echo "Script finished successfully."

트랩 동적 재설정 및 비활성화

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

TMPFILE=$(mktemp /tmp/staged.XXXXXX)

rollback() {
    echo "ROLLBACK: removing $TMPFILE" >&2
    rm -f "$TMPFILE"
}

cleanup_only() {
    echo "CLEANUP: removing $TMPFILE" >&2
    rm -f "$TMPFILE"
}

# Start with rollback in case something fails during the risky phase
trap rollback EXIT

echo "Performing risky operation..."
echo "critical data" > "$TMPFILE"
# ... imagine more risky steps here ...

# Risky phase succeeded — switch to simple cleanup
trap cleanup_only EXIT

echo "Risky phase done. Now doing safe finalization."
cp "$TMPFILE" /tmp/staged_result.txt
echo "All done."

트랩을 통한 종료 코드 전달

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

TMPFILE=$(mktemp /tmp/exitcode.XXXXXX)

cleanup() {
    local original_exit=$?   # capture BEFORE any other command
    echo "Cleaning up (original exit: $original_exit)" >&2
    rm -f "$TMPFILE"
    # Exit with the original code so callers see the real result
    exit "$original_exit"
}
trap cleanup EXIT

echo "Doing work..."
echo "data" > "$TMPFILE"

# Simulate failure
if [[ ! -f /tmp/required_marker ]]; then
    echo "Required marker missing!" >&2
    exit 2
fi

echo "Done."

함수와 서브셸에서의 트랩

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -eEuo pipefail   # -E = errtrace: ERR propagates into functions

on_error() {
    echo "ERR in function or main at line $1" >&2
}
trap 'on_error $LINENO' ERR

risky_function() {
    echo "Inside risky_function"
    ls /nonexistent_path   # triggers ERR — works because of set -E
}

# Subshell: has its own copy; changes don't affect parent
(
    trap '' ERR   # disable ERR only inside subshell
    ls /nonexistent_path 2>/dev/null || true
    echo "Subshell completed without triggering parent ERR"
)

risky_function

실전 방식: 원자적 파일 교체

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set -euo pipefail

DEST="/tmp/important_config.conf"
TMPFILE=$(mktemp "$(dirname "$DEST")/.tmp.XXXXXX")

cleanup() {
    rm -f "$TMPFILE"   # no-op if mv already moved it
}
trap cleanup EXIT

# Write new content to temp file
cat > "$TMPFILE" <<'EOF'
[settings]
version=2
mode=production
EOF

# Validate before replacing
if ! grep -q 'version=' "$TMPFILE"; then
    echo "Validation failed — aborting replacement" >&2
    exit 1
fi

# Atomic rename — DEST is replaced only here
mv "$TMPFILE" "$DEST"
echo "Config updated atomically: $DEST"

확인 문제: ERR 트랩 상속

복습: 정리와 신호를 위한 트랩 처리기