EKS 네트워킹: VPC CNI 및 로드 밸런싱

Kubernetes 네트워킹 기본

Amazon VPC CNI 플러그인

# Check the VPC CNI version installed in your cluster
kubectl describe daemonset aws-node -n kube-system | grep Image

# View the secondary IPs assigned to a node
aws ec2 describe-network-interfaces \
  --filters 'Name=attachment.instance-id,Values=i-0abcdef1234567890' \
  --query 'NetworkInterfaces[].PrivateIpAddresses[].PrivateIpAddress'

ENI 및 IP 주소 웜 풀

# Check maximum pods supported by an instance type
aws ec2 describe-instance-types \
  --instance-types m5.large \
  --query 'InstanceTypes[].NetworkInfo.{MaxENIs:MaximumNetworkInterfaces,IPv4sPerENI:Ipv4AddressesPerInterface}'

# Max pods formula: (MaxENIs x (IPv4sPerENI - 1)) + 2
# m5.large: 3 ENIs x (10-1) + 2 = 29 pods

Pod용 보안 그룹

# Define a SecurityGroupPolicy (custom resource)
apiVersion: vpcresources.k8s.aws/v1beta1
kind: SecurityGroupPolicy
metadata:
  name: db-pod-sg-policy
  namespace: production
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      role: database
  securityGroups:
    groupIds:
    - sg-0db1234567890abcd

EKS의 Kubernetes Service 유형

# Expose a deployment with a LoadBalancer service
kubectl expose deployment my-api \
  --type=LoadBalancer \
  --name=my-api-svc \
  --port=80 \
  --target-port=8080

# Check the assigned AWS load balancer hostname
kubectl get svc my-api-svc -o wide

AWS Load Balancer Controller

# Install AWS Load Balancer Controller with Helm
helm install aws-load-balancer-controller eks/aws-load-balancer-controller \
  -n kube-system \
  --set clusterName=my-cluster \
  --set serviceAccount.create=false \
  --set serviceAccount.name=aws-load-balancer-controller \
  --set region=us-east-1 \
  --set vpcId=vpc-0abc1234def567890

ALB를 사용하는 Kubernetes Ingress

# Ingress YAML that creates an ALB
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: api-ingress
  namespace: production
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: alb
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/scheme: internet-facing
    alb.ingress.kubernetes.io/target-type: ip
spec:
  rules:
  - http:
      paths:
      - path: /api
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: api-svc
            port:
              number: 80

TCP/UDP 워크로드를 위한 NLB

# Service YAML that creates an NLB with IP targets
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grpc-svc
  namespace: production
  annotations:
    service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-type: 'external'
    service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-nlb-target-type: 'ip'
    service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-scheme: internet-facing
spec:
  type: LoadBalancer
  selector:
    app: grpc-server
  ports:
  - port: 50051
    targetPort: 50051
    protocol: TCP

클러스터 내부의 DNS 확인

# Verify DNS resolution from within a pod
kubectl run dns-test --image=busybox --rm -it --restart=Never -- \
  nslookup kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

# Expected output: Name: kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
# Address: 10.100.0.1 (ClusterIP of the kubernetes service)

EKS의 네트워크 정책

# NetworkPolicy: allow traffic to api pods only from frontend pods
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
  name: api-allow-frontend
  namespace: production
spec:
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      role: api
  ingress:
  - from:
    - podSelector:
        matchLabels:
          role: frontend
    ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 8080

VPC CNI 문제 해결 팁

# Enable prefix delegation to increase pod density per node
kubectl set env daemonset aws-node \
  -n kube-system \
  ENABLE_PREFIX_DELEGATION=true \
  WARM_PREFIX_TARGET=1

# Check current IP usage on a node
kubectl describe node ip-10-0-1-100.ec2.internal | grep -A5 'Allocatable'

빠른 확인

레슨 요약