값 같음과 구조 분해

레코드 동등성 심층 분석

자동 생성 동등성의 작동 방식

public record Address(string Street, string City);
public record Person(string Name, Address HomeAddress);

var a = new Person("Alice", new Address("123 Main", "NYC"));
var b = new Person("Alice", new Address("123 Main", "NYC"));

Console.WriteLine(a == b); // True — deep structural equality
// Equality checks:
// Name: "Alice" == "Alice" ✓
// HomeAddress: compares Address properties recursively ✓

생성된 동등성 재정의하기

public record Customer(int Id, string Name, string Email)
{
    // Consider customers equal if they have the same ID,
    // regardless of name or email changes
    public virtual bool Equals(Customer? other)
        => other is not null && Id == other.Id;

    public override int GetHashCode() => Id.GetHashCode();
}

컬렉션에서 레코드 사용하기

public record Tag(string Name, string Color);

var tags = new List<Tag>
{
    new("C#", "blue"), new("C#", "blue"), new("dotnet", "purple")
};

var unique = tags.Distinct().ToList(); // [Tag(C#, blue), Tag(dotnet, purple)]

var set = new HashSet<Tag>(tags);
set.Contains(new Tag("C#", "blue")); // true

분해 기초

public record Point(double X, double Y);
public record RGB(byte R, byte G, byte B);

var p = new Point(3.0, 4.0);
var (x, y) = p; // deconstruct
Console.WriteLine($"{x}, {y}");

var color = new RGB(255, 128, 0);
var (r, g, b) = color;
Console.WriteLine($"R={r}, G={g}, B={b}");

패턴 매칭에서의 분해

public record Point(int X, int Y);

string Classify(Point p) => p switch
{
    (0, 0)           => "Origin",
    (int x, 0)       => $"X-axis at {x}",
    (0, int y)       => $"Y-axis at {y}",
    (int x, int y) when x == y => $"Diagonal at {x}",
    (int x, int y)   => $"Point ({x}, {y})"
};

Console.WriteLine(Classify(new Point(0, 0)));  // Origin
Console.WriteLine(Classify(new Point(3, 3)));  // Diagonal at 3

사용자 지정 Deconstruct 메서드

public class Temperature
{
    public double Celsius { get; }
    public Temperature(double c) => Celsius = c;

    // Manual Deconstruct
    public void Deconstruct(out double celsius, out double fahrenheit)
    {
        celsius    = Celsius;
        fahrenheit = Celsius * 9 / 5 + 32;
    }
}

var t = new Temperature(100);
var (c, f) = t;
Console.WriteLine($"{c}°C = {f}°F"); // 100°C = 212°F

분해의 일부 무시하기

public record Order(int Id, string Customer, decimal Total, DateTime Date);

var order = new Order(42, "Alice", 99.99m, DateTime.UtcNow);

// Only want Id and Total
var (id, _, total, _) = order;
Console.WriteLine($"Order {id}: ${total}");

// In switch: ignore some fields
string Classify(Order o) => o switch
{
    (_, _, > 1000, _) => "High value",
    (_, _, > 100, _)  => "Medium value",
    _                 => "Low value"
};

속성 패턴과 위치 기반 패턴 비교

public record Order(int Id, string Status, decimal Total);

// Positional pattern:
string DescribePos(Order o) => o switch
{
    (_, "Shipped", > 100) => "High-value shipped",
    _                     => "Other"
};

// Property pattern (more readable):
string DescribeProp(Order o) => o switch
{
    { Status: "Shipped", Total: > 100 } => "High-value shipped",
    { Status: "Cancelled" }             => "Cancelled",
    _                                   => "Other"
};

실전: Result 형식 패턴

public abstract record Result<T>;
public record Success<T>(T Value) : Result<T>;
public record Failure<T>(string Error) : Result<T>;

Result<Order> PlaceOrder(CreateOrderRequest req)
{
    if (req.Quantity <= 0)
        return new Failure<Order>("Quantity must be positive");
    var order = CreateOrder(req);
    return new Success<Order>(order);
}

// Consuming:
var result = PlaceOrder(request);
switch (result)
{
    case Success<Order>(var order):
        return Results.Created($"/orders/{order.Id}", order);
    case Failure<Order>(var error):
        return Results.BadRequest(error);
}

빠른 확인

값 동등성과 분해 요약