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Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs · レッスン

サービス間通信の基礎

マイクロサービス間のREST呼び出しなど、同期通信のパターンを学びます。

「サービス間通信の基礎」はCoddyKit上の無料Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIsレッスンです。 これはレッスン2/3です。 下記で完全なレッスンを無料で読むことができます。その後、ブラウザ内の組み込みコードエディタと24時間対応のAIチューターでハンズオン演習できます。 これはSpring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIs学習パスの一部であり、ウェブとCoddyKitアプリ全体で進捗が同期されます。 Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIsコースには全3レッスンが含まれています。

このレッスンの一部はまだ翻訳されておらず、英語で表示されています。

Talking Between Services

Microservices are small, independent services. For them to work together, they need to communicate! Imagine an Order Service needing product details from a Product Service.

This lesson explores how services talk to each other. We'll focus on synchronous communication, where one service waits for a reply from another.

Sync or Async?

Communication between services can be:

  • Synchronous: The calling service sends a request and waits for a response before continuing its own task. Think of a phone call.
  • Asynchronous: The calling service sends a request and doesn't wait for an immediate response. It continues its work. Think of sending an email.

Today, we'll dive into synchronous communication, often done using REST APIs.

RESTful Service Calls

REST (Representational State Transfer) is a popular architectural style for web services. It's also perfect for microservices to communicate.

Services expose endpoints, and others consume them using standard HTTP methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.

It's like one service acting as a client and another as a server, just like your browser talks to a website.

How Services Connect

When Service A needs data from Service B, Service A acts as an HTTP client. It constructs an HTTP request (method, URL, headers, body) and sends it to Service B.

Service B, acting as an HTTP server, processes the request and sends back an HTTP response (status code, headers, body).

This is a fundamental pattern in microservice architectures.

Our Target Service Example

To demonstrate, let's imagine a simple "Product Service" that our "Order Service" will call. This service will have both GET and POST endpoints.

This code snippet shows a basic Spring Boot controller for our Product Service, running on port 8081. It simulates product retrieval and creation.

package com.example.productservice;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.Map;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class ProductServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProductServiceApplication.class, args);
    }

    @GetMapping("/products/{id}")
    public String getProductInfo(@PathVariable String id) {
        return "Product " + id + " Details (from Product Service)";
    }

    @PostMapping("/products")
    public String createProduct(@RequestBody Map<String, String> productData) {
        String name = productData.getOrDefault("name", "Unknown");
        String price = productData.getOrDefault("price", "0.00");
        return "Created Product: " + name + " with price " + price + " (via Product Service)";
    }
}

Calling with RestTemplate (GET)

Spring's RestTemplate is a synchronous client for making HTTP requests. It's a classic way to call other REST services.

Here's how our "Order Service" could use RestTemplate to get product info from our Product Service:

package com.example.orderservice;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class OrderServiceCaller {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String productId = "123";
        String url = "http://localhost:8081/products/" + productId; // Product Service URL

        System.out.println("Calling Product Service for ID: " + productId);
        try {
            String result = restTemplate.getForObject(url, String.class);
            System.out.println("Received: " + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Error calling Product Service: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

Processing the Response

When RestTemplate makes a call, it expects a response. The getForObject() method automatically converts the response body into the specified Java type (here, String.class).

For more control, you can use getForEntity() which returns a ResponseEntity object. This gives you access to:

  • Status Code: E.g., 200 OK, 404 Not Found.
  • Headers: E.g., Content-Type.
  • Body: The actual data.

Sending Data with POST

Often, services need to send data to each other, not just request it. This is where POST requests come in.

RestTemplate provides methods like postForObject() or postForEntity() to send data in the request body.

Let's see how our "Order Service" could create a new product:

package com.example.orderservice;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class OrderServicePostCaller {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
        String url = "http://localhost:8081/products"; // Product Service POST URL

        // Data to send in the request body
        Map<String, String> productData = new HashMap<>();
        productData.put("name", "New Gadget");
        productData.put("price", "99.99");

        System.out.println("Calling Product Service to create product...");
        try {
            // postForObject sends data and expects a response object
            String result = restTemplate.postForObject(url, productData, String.class);
            System.out.println("Received: " + result);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Error calling Product Service POST: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
}

Handling Communication Errors

What happens if the target service is down, or sends an error?

RestTemplate will throw exceptions for certain HTTP status codes (e.g., 4xx client errors, 5xx server errors) or connection issues.

It's crucial to wrap your service calls in try-catch blocks to gracefully handle these failures. You might log the error, return a default value, or inform the user.

Later lessons will cover more advanced resilience patterns like Circuit Breakers.

Quick Check: Communication

Consider a microservice architecture where an OrderService needs to fetch real-time stock availability from a WarehouseService before confirming an order.

Recap: Inter-Service Talk

In this lesson, we explored the basics of synchronous inter-service communication in a microservices architecture.

  • We learned that services often communicate using REST APIs and standard HTTP methods.
  • RestTemplate is a powerful Spring Boot tool for making these synchronous calls.
  • It's important to handle responses and errors gracefully.

Next, we'll look at more advanced communication patterns!

よくある質問

「サービス間通信の基礎」レッスンは無料ですか？

はい。「サービス間通信の基礎」の完全なテキストはこのウェブで無料で読めます。インタラクティブに演習し（組み込みコードエディタと24時間対応のAIチューター）、Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIsコースの残りをアンロックするには、CoddyKit PROにアップグレードしてください。 Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIsコースには全3レッスンが含まれています。

「サービス間通信の基礎」で何を学びますか？

マイクロサービス間のREST呼び出しなど、同期通信のパターンを学びます。 ブラウザで直接実行するハンズオンコードでSpring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIsを演習し、24時間対応のAIチューターがレッスンを進める中での質問に答えます。

Spring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIsを始めるのに経験は必要ですか？

事前経験は必要ありません。CoddyKitのSpring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIsは初級者から上級者向けに構成されているため、ここから始めるか最初から始めて、自分のペースで進むことができます。 これはレッスン2/3です。

「サービス間通信の基礎」レッスンにはどのくらい時間がかかりますか？

ほとんどのCoddyKitレッスンは約5～10分かかります。各レッスンはコンパクトでインタラクティブなので、着実に進歩し、ウェブとアプリ全体で正確に前回の場所から再開できます。

このSpring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIsレッスンでコードを書いて実行できますか？

はい。すべてのSpring Boot 4 Microservices & REST APIsレッスンに組み込みコードエディタが含まれているため、ブラウザでリアルコードを書いて実行し、即座のAIフィードバックを取得できます。ローカル設定は不要です。

このコースのすべてのレッスン

  1. モノリスからマイクロサービスへの分解
  2. サービス間通信の基礎
  3. イベント駆動アーキテクチャの概要
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