レイヤードアーキテクチャからクリーンアーキテクチャへ

クリーンアーキテクチャの理由

依存関係のルール

結合したレイヤード構成の例

<?php
class OrderService
{
    public function place(Request $request)
    {
        $user = User::find($request->user_id); // Eloquent
        $total = 0;
        foreach ($request->items as $i) {
            $total += Product::find($i['id'])->price * $i['qty'];
        }
        if ($user->is_vip) {
            $total *= 0.9; // business rule trapped in infra code
        }
        Order::create(['user_id' => $user->id, 'total' => $total]);
        return response()->json(['total' => $total]);
    }
}

エンティティ：フレームワークに依存しないドメイン

<?php
final class Money
{
    public function __construct(public readonly int $cents) {
        if ($cents < 0) throw new InvalidArgumentException('negative money');
    }
    public function multiply(float $factor): self {
        return new self((int) round($this->cents * $factor));
    }
}

final class Order
{
    /** @param array<int,int> $lineCents */
    public function __construct(private array $lineCents, private bool $vip) {}
    public function total(): Money {
        $sum = array_sum($this->lineCents);
        $money = new Money($sum);
        return $this->vip ? $money->multiply(0.9) : $money;
    }
}

echo (new Order([1000, 2000], true))->total()->cents, PHP_EOL; // 2700

ユースケースがワークフローを所有する

<?php
interface OrderRepository {
    public function save(Order $order): void;
}

final class PlaceOrder
{
    public function __construct(private OrderRepository $orders) {}

    public function execute(array $lineCents, bool $vip): int {
        $order = new Order($lineCents, $vip);
        $this->orders->save($order);
        return $order->total()->cents;
    }
}

境界はインターフェース

<?php
// Lives in infrastructure layer, points INWARD to the domain interface
final class EloquentOrderRepository implements OrderRepository
{
    public function save(Order $order): void {
        OrderModel::create(['total' => $order->total()->cents]);
    }
}

インフラなしでのテスト

<?php
final class InMemoryOrders implements OrderRepository {
    public array $saved = [];
    public function save(Order $o): void { $this->saved[] = $o; }
}

$repo = new InMemoryOrders();
$useCase = new PlaceOrder($repo);
$total = $useCase->execute([1000, 2000], true);

assert($total === 2700);
assert(count($repo->saved) === 1);
echo "PASS total=$total saved=" . count($repo->saved) . PHP_EOL;

コントローラーを薄いアダプターにする

<?php
final class OrderController
{
    public function __construct(private PlaceOrder $placeOrder) {}

    public function store(Request $request): JsonResponse {
        $total = $this->placeOrder->execute(
            lineCents: $request->input('lineCents'),
            vip: (bool) $request->input('vip'),
        );
        return new JsonResponse(['total' => $total], 201);
    }
}

スクリーミングアーキテクチャ

依存関係のルールを強制する

# deptrac.yaml
deptrac:
  layers:
    - name: Domain
      collectors: [{ type: directory, value: src/.*/Domain/.* }]
    - name: Application
      collectors: [{ type: directory, value: src/.*/Application/.* }]
    - name: Infrastructure
      collectors: [{ type: directory, value: src/.*/Infrastructure/.* }]
  ruleset:
    Domain: []                       # Domain may depend on nothing
    Application: [Domain]
    Infrastructure: [Application, Domain]

DTOで境界を越える

<?php
final class OrderSummary // boundary DTO, no behavior, no domain types
{
    public function __construct(
        public readonly string $orderId,
        public readonly int $totalCents,
    ) {}
}

final class PlaceOrderV2 {
    public function __construct(private OrderRepository $orders) {}
    public function execute(array $lineCents, bool $vip): OrderSummary {
        $order = new Order($lineCents, $vip);
        $this->orders->save($order);
        return new OrderSummary('ord_1', $order->total()->cents);
    }
}

クイックチェック

まとめ