io.openによるファイルのオープン

io.openの構文

local f, err = io.open("test.txt", "w")
if not f then
  print("Error:", err)
  return
end
f:write("Hello, Lua!\n")
f:close()
print("Written successfully")

読み取りモード

local f, err = io.open("test.txt", "r")
if not f then
  print("Cannot open:", err)
  return
end
local content = f:read("*a")  -- read all
f:close()
print(content)

書き込みモードと追記モード

-- Write (creates/truncates)
local f = io.open("log.txt", "w")
f:write("Session started\n")
f:close()

-- Append (adds to end)
local g = io.open("log.txt", "a")
g:write("Event: login\n")
g:write("Event: action\n")
g:close()

バイナリモード

-- Binary read
local f = io.open("image.png", "rb")
if f then
  local header = f:read(8)   -- read 8 bytes
  f:close()
  -- Check PNG magic number: \137PNG\r\n\26\n
  print("Read", #header, "bytes")
end

-- Binary write
local g = io.open("out.bin", "wb")
if g then
  g:write(string.char(0x89, 0x50, 0x4E, 0x47))
  g:close()
end

ファイルハンドルのメソッド

local f = io.open("data.txt", "w")
f:write("line 1\n")
f:write("line 2\n")
f:write("line 3\n")
f:flush()   -- force write to disk
f:close()

local g = io.open("data.txt", "r")
for line in g:lines() do
  print(line)
end
g:close()

io.input と io.output

-- Read from stdin (default input)
local line = io.read()  -- reads one line
print("You entered:", line)

-- Set default output to a file
io.output("out.txt")
io.write("This goes to out.txt\n")
io.output(io.stdout)  -- restore stdout

ファイルの存在確認

local function fileExists(path)
  local f = io.open(path, "r")
  if f then f:close(); return true end
  return false
end

print(fileExists("test.txt"))     -- true/false
print(fileExists("noexist.txt"))  -- false

モードを指定した読み取り

local f = io.open("data.txt", "r")
if f then
  local line1 = f:read("l")   -- first line, no newline
  local num   = f:read("n")   -- next number in file
  local rest  = f:read("a")   -- rest of file
  f:close()
  print(type(line1), type(num))
end

一時ファイル

local tmp = io.tmpfile()
tmp:write("temporary data\n")
tmp:write("more data\n")

-- Seek back to start and read
tmp:seek("set", 0)
local content = tmp:read("a")
print(content)
-- File auto-deleted when tmp is collected

lines()で行を反復処理する

local function countLines(path)
  local count = 0
  local f, err = io.open(path, "r")
  if not f then return nil, err end
  for _ in f:lines() do
    count = count + 1
  end
  -- f is closed automatically by lines()
  return count
end

local n, err = countLines("data.txt")
print("Lines:", n)

確認問題

復習: io.open