typeof、Truthy/Falsy、==と===

導入

typeof の確認

// typeof returns a string describing the type
console.log(typeof 42);        
 // "number"
console.log(typeof "hi");       
// "string"
console.log(typeof true);      
 // "boolean"
console.log(typeof undefined);  
// "undefined"
console.log(typeof 10n);        
// "bigint"
console.log(typeof Symbol("x"));
// "symbol"
console.log(typeof null);       
// "object"  (historic quirk)

Truthyとfalsy（概念）

Truthyの判定

// Use Boolean(x) or if (x) to test truthiness
console.log(Boolean("0"));  
// true (non-empty string)
console.log(Boolean(""));   
// false (empty string)
console.log(Boolean([]));   
// true (arrays are objects)
console.log(Boolean(0));    
// false
console.log(Boolean({}));   
// true

等価演算子の落とし穴

// == performs type coercion: can be surprising
console.log(0 == false);     
// true
console.log("" == 0);       
 // true
console.log(null == undefined); 
// true
console.log("5" == 5);      
// true  (string coerced to number)

厳密等価

// === compares without coercion: safer and clearer
console.log(0 === false);    
// false
console.log("" === 0);       
// false
console.log("5" === 5);      
// false
console.log(5 === 5);        
// true

厳密等価クイズ

まとめ