InvocationHandler による動的プロキシ

動的プロキシとは

Proxy.newProxyInstance によるプロキシの作成

UserService proxy = (UserService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(
    UserService.class.getClassLoader(),
    new Class[]{UserService.class},
    new LoggingHandler(realService)
);
proxy.findById(42L); // intercepted by LoggingHandler

InvocationHandler インターフェース

public class LoggingHandler implements InvocationHandler {
    private final Object target;
    public LoggingHandler(Object target) { this.target = target; }
    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println(">> " + method.getName());
        Object result = method.invoke(target, args);
        System.out.println("<< " + method.getName());
        return result;
    }
}

キャッシュのためのプロキシ

public class CachingHandler implements InvocationHandler {
    private final Object target;
    private final Map<String, Object> cache = new HashMap<>();
    public CachingHandler(Object target) { this.target = target; }
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        String key = method.getName() + Arrays.toString(args);
        return cache.computeIfAbsent(key, k -> {
            try { return method.invoke(target, args); }
            catch (Exception e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); }
        });
    }
}

再試行ロジックのためのプロキシ

public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    for (int attempt = 1; attempt <= 3; attempt++) {
        try { return method.invoke(target, args); }
        catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            if (attempt == 3) throw e.getCause();
            Thread.sleep(1000L * attempt);
        }
    }
    throw new RuntimeException("unreachable");
}

トランザクション管理のためのプロキシ

オブジェクトがプロキシかどうかの確認

if (Proxy.isProxyClass(service.getClass())) {
    InvocationHandler h = Proxy.getInvocationHandler(service);
    System.out.println("Handler: " + h.getClass().getSimpleName());
}

JDK 動的プロキシの制限

代替手段としての CGLIB

Hibernate でのプロキシ

// Hibernate creates a proxy for:
@ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
private Department department;
// Accessing dept triggers a DB query via the proxy

プロキシのパフォーマンス

理解度チェック

まとめ