GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot · レッスン

Mutationによるデータ作成

Spring BootでMutationを実装し、バックエンドのデータストアに新しいレコードを追加します。

「Mutationによるデータ作成」はCoddyKit上の無料GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootレッスンです。これはレッスン2/4です。下記で完全なレッスンを無料で読むことができます。その後、ブラウザ内の組み込みコードエディタと24時間対応のAIチューターでハンズオン演習できます。これはGraphQL APIs with Spring Boot学習パスの一部であり、ウェブとCoddyKitアプリ全体で進捗が同期されます。 GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootコースには全4レッスンが含まれています。

このレッスンの一部はまだ翻訳されておらず、英語で表示されています。

Intro: Adding New Data

GraphQL isn't just for fetching data. It also allows us to change it! Today, we'll learn how to add brand new records to our system using mutations.

This is a core skill for building any interactive application.

Mutation's Role in Creation

In GraphQL, any operation that modifies data on the server is called a Mutation. This includes:

Creating new items (our focus today!)
Updating existing items
Deleting items

Think of queries for reading data and mutations for writing/changing data.

Designing Input Types

When creating data, you often need to provide several fields (e.g., a book's title, author, year). Instead of listing each field as a separate argument for your mutation, we use Input Types.

Input types are special object types used as arguments. They make your schema cleaner and arguments easier to manage, especially for complex objects.

Schema: The createBook Mutation

First, let's define our BookInput and the createBook mutation in our GraphQL Schema Definition Language (SDL).

This tells clients exactly what data is needed to create a book and what the mutation will return.

input BookInput {
  title: String!
  author: String!
  publicationYear: Int
}

type Mutation {
  createBook(book: BookInput!): Book!
}

type Book {
  id: ID!
  title: String!
  author: String!
  publicationYear: Int
}

The Book Data Model

In our Spring Boot application, we'll represent a book using a simple Java class (a Plain Old Java Object, or POJO). This class will hold the data for each book we create.

class Book {
  String id;
  String title;
  String author;
  Integer publicationYear;

  public Book(String id, String title, String author, Integer year) {
    this.id = id;
    this.title = title;
    this.author = author;
    this.publicationYear = year;
  }

  // Getters for all fields (omitted for brevity in snippets)
  public String getId() { return id; }
  public String getTitle() { return title; }
  public String getAuthor() { return author; }
  public Integer getPublicationYear() { return publicationYear; }
}

Simulating Data Storage

For this lesson, we'll keep things simple and store our books in an in-memory list. In a real Spring Boot application, this would typically involve a database (like H2, PostgreSQL, etc.) and a Spring Data JPA repository.

We'll use a static List to simulate our data store for now.

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class BookDataStore {
  private static final List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>();

  public static void addBook(Book book) {
    books.add(book);
  }

  public static List<Book> getAllBooks() {
    return new ArrayList<>(books); // Return a copy
  }
}

Implementing the Resolver Method

Now, let's write the Java method that acts as our resolver for the createBook mutation.

This method will receive the BookInput and perform the logic to create a new Book object.

import java.util.UUID; // For generating unique IDs

// Simplified BookInput class for demonstration
class BookInput {
  String title;
  String author;
  Integer publicationYear;

  // Getters (omitted for brevity)
  public String getTitle() { return title; }
  public String getAuthor() { return author; }
  public Integer getPublicationYear() { return publicationYear; }
}

public class BookService {
  public Book createBook(BookInput bookInput) {
    // ... logic to create and save book ...
    return null; // Placeholder
  }
}

Resolver Logic: Adding Data

Here's the detailed logic inside our createBook resolver method. It handles generating an ID, creating the object, and saving it.

import java.util.UUID;

// (Book, BookInput, BookDataStore classes would be available)

public class BookService {
  public Book createBook(BookInput bookInput) {
    // 1. Generate a unique ID for the new book
    String newId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

    // 2. Create a new Book instance from the input
    Book newBook = new Book(
        newId,
        bookInput.getTitle(),
        bookInput.getAuthor(),
        bookInput.getPublicationYear()
    );

    // 3. Add the new Book to our data store
    BookDataStore.addBook(newBook);

    // 4. Return the newly created Book
    return newBook;
  }
}

Runnable Example: createBook

Here's a simplified runnable example demonstrating how the createBook logic works within a main method. Run it and check the output!

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

// Simplified Book class for runnable snippet
class Book {
  String id;
  String title;
  String author;
  Integer publicationYear;

  public Book(String id, String title, String author, Integer year) {
    this.id = id;
    this.title = title;
    this.author = author;
    this.publicationYear = year;
  }
  public String toString() {
    return "Book{id='" + id.substring(0,4) + "...', title='" + title + "'}";
  }
}

// Simplified BookInput class
class BookInput {
  String title;
  String author;
  Integer publicationYear;

  public BookInput(String title, String author, Integer year) {
    this.title = title;
    this.author = author;
    this.publicationYear = year;
  }
  public String getTitle() { return title; }
  public String getAuthor() { return author; }
  public Integer getPublicationYear() { return publicationYear; }
}

// Simplified DataStore
class SimpleBookDataStore {
  private static final List<Book> books = new ArrayList<>();
  public static void addBook(Book book) { books.add(book); }
  public static List<Book> getAllBooks() { return new ArrayList<>(books); }
}

public class Main {
  public Book createBook(BookInput bookInput) {
    String newId = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    Book newBook = new Book(
        newId,
        bookInput.getTitle(),
        bookInput.getAuthor(),
        bookInput.getPublicationYear()
    );
    SimpleBookDataStore.addBook(newBook);
    return newBook;
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Main app = new Main();

    BookInput input1 = new BookInput(
        "The Great Journey", "A. Traveler", 2023
    );
    Book createdBook1 = app.createBook(input1);
    System.out.println("Created: " + createdBook1);

    BookInput input2 = new BookInput(
        "Coding Adventures", "B. Coder", 2024
    );
    Book createdBook2 = app.createBook(input2);
    System.out.println("Created: " + createdBook2);

    System.out.println("\nAll books in store:");
    for (Book b : SimpleBookDataStore.getAllBooks()) {
      System.out.println("- " + b);
    }
  }
}

Quick Check: Mutation Input

Why is using an Input Type generally preferred for mutation arguments compared to individual scalar arguments?

Recap: Creating Data

Great job! You've learned how to implement a GraphQL mutation to create new data records in a Spring Boot context.

We defined an Input Type in our schema for cleaner arguments.
We created a mutation field (createBook) using this input.
We implemented a Java resolver method to handle the creation logic.
We saw how to add new data to a simulated store and return the new item.

Next, we'll explore how to update and delete existing data using mutations!

よくある質問

「Mutationによるデータ作成」レッスンは無料ですか？

はい。「Mutationによるデータ作成」の完全なテキストはこのウェブで無料で読めます。インタラクティブに演習し（組み込みコードエディタと24時間対応のAIチューター）、GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootコースの残りをアンロックするには、CoddyKit PROにアップグレードしてください。 GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootコースには全4レッスンが含まれています。

「Mutationによるデータ作成」で何を学びますか？

Spring BootでMutationを実装し、バックエンドのデータストアに新しいレコードを追加します。ブラウザで直接実行するハンズオンコードでGraphQL APIs with Spring Bootを演習し、24時間対応のAIチューターがレッスンを進める中での質問に答えます。

GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootを始めるのに経験は必要ですか？

事前経験は必要ありません。CoddyKitのGraphQL APIs with Spring Bootは初級者から上級者向けに構成されているため、ここから始めるか最初から始めて、自分のペースで進むことができます。これはレッスン2/4です。

「Mutationによるデータ作成」レッスンにはどのくらい時間がかかりますか？

ほとんどのCoddyKitレッスンは約5～10分かかります。各レッスンはコンパクトでインタラクティブなので、着実に進歩し、ウェブとアプリ全体で正確に前回の場所から再開できます。

このGraphQL APIs with Spring Bootレッスンでコードを書いて実行できますか？

はい。すべてのGraphQL APIs with Spring Bootレッスンに組み込みコードエディタが含まれているため、ブラウザでリアルコードを書いて実行し、即座のAIフィードバックを取得できます。ローカル設定は不要です。

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