GraphQL APIs with Spring Boot · レッスン

APIのバージョニング戦略

クライアントアプリケーションを壊さずに、GraphQLのスキーマを発展させ、バージョンを管理する方法を学びます。

「APIのバージョニング戦略」はCoddyKit上の無料GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootレッスンです。これはレッスン1/4です。下記で完全なレッスンを無料で読むことができます。その後、ブラウザ内の組み込みコードエディタと24時間対応のAIチューターでハンズオン演習できます。これはGraphQL APIs with Spring Boot学習パスの一部であり、ウェブとCoddyKitアプリ全体で進捗が同期されます。 GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootコースには全4レッスンが含まれています。

このレッスンの一部はまだ翻訳されておらず、英語で表示されています。

The Challenge of API Evolution

Evolving your API without breaking client applications is a common challenge for developers.

As your application grows, you'll inevitably need to add new features, fix bugs, or improve existing functionalities. This often requires changes to your API's structure.

The big question is: How do you introduce these changes without disrupting existing client applications that rely on your API?

GraphQL's Unique Approach to Change

Unlike traditional REST APIs that often rely on explicit versioning (e.g., /v1/users, /v2/users), GraphQL encourages a different philosophy: a single, continuously evolving API version.

The goal is to evolve the schema in a backward-compatible way, allowing clients to adapt over time without forced upgrades.

Adding New Fields Safely

One of the safest and most common ways to evolve your GraphQL API is by adding new fields or types to your existing schema.

Since clients explicitly request the data they need, adding new fields won't affect existing clients that don't query for these new additions. They will simply ignore them.

Example: Adding a New Field

Consider a User type. If you need to add an email field, you can simply extend the schema:

type User {
  id: ID!
  name: String!
  email: String # New optional field
}

Deprecating Fields for Removal

When a field is no longer needed or is being replaced, you shouldn't remove it immediately. Instead, you should mark it as deprecated.

Deprecation signals to client applications that a field is outdated and will eventually be removed. This gives clients time to update their code and migrate to newer alternatives.

Using the @deprecated Directive

GraphQL provides the built-in @deprecated directive to mark fields or enum values as deprecated. You can also provide a reason to explain why it's deprecated and suggest an alternative.

type User {
  id: ID!
  name: String! @deprecated(reason: "Use 'fullName' instead")
  fullName: String! # New field replacing 'name'
}

Implementing Deprecation in Spring Boot

In Spring Boot GraphQL, you can apply the @Deprecated annotation from Java directly to your data class fields or resolver methods. The GraphQL library will then reflect this in your schema.

public class User {
  private String id;
  @Deprecated("Use fullName instead")
  private String name;
  private String fullName;

  // Getters and Setters
}

Renaming Fields: A Transition

Renaming an existing field is considered a breaking change because clients would immediately lose access to the field with its old name.

The recommended strategy is a two-step process:

Step 1: Add the new field with the desired name.
Step 2: Deprecate the old field, advising clients to migrate to the new one.

Once client usage of the old field drops to zero, you can safely remove it.

Removing Fields: The Last Resort

Removing a field from your GraphQL schema is a hard breaking change. Any client still querying that field will receive an error.

This should only be done after a significant deprecation period, clear communication with your clients, and confirmation that no active clients are using the field anymore.

Input Type Evolution

Changes to input types (used for mutations) also require careful consideration:

Adding new optional fields: Generally safe.
Adding new required fields: A breaking change. Consider creating a new input type or making the field optional with a default.
Changing a field's type: A breaking change.

Similar to fields, deprecation can be used for input fields.

Check Your Understanding

Which of the following are generally considered non-breaking changes in a GraphQL schema, allowing for backward compatibility?

Recap: GraphQL Versioning Strategies

GraphQL's strength lies in its ability to evolve gracefully without traditional versioning. By following best practices, you can minimize client disruption:

Prefer additions: Always add new fields or types instead of modifying existing ones if possible.
Deprecate, don't delete: Use the @deprecated directive to signal fields that will eventually be removed, allowing clients to migrate.
Communicate: Inform your clients about upcoming changes and deprecation schedules.
Monitor usage: Track client usage of deprecated fields before removing them.

This approach fosters a stable, continuously evolving API.

よくある質問

「APIのバージョニング戦略」レッスンは無料ですか？

はい。「APIのバージョニング戦略」の完全なテキストはこのウェブで無料で読めます。インタラクティブに演習し（組み込みコードエディタと24時間対応のAIチューター）、GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootコースの残りをアンロックするには、CoddyKit PROにアップグレードしてください。 GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootコースには全4レッスンが含まれています。

「APIのバージョニング戦略」で何を学びますか？

クライアントアプリケーションを壊さずに、GraphQLのスキーマを発展させ、バージョンを管理する方法を学びます。ブラウザで直接実行するハンズオンコードでGraphQL APIs with Spring Bootを演習し、24時間対応のAIチューターがレッスンを進める中での質問に答えます。

GraphQL APIs with Spring Bootを始めるのに経験は必要ですか？

事前経験は必要ありません。CoddyKitのGraphQL APIs with Spring Bootは初級者から上級者向けに構成されているため、ここから始めるか最初から始めて、自分のペースで進むことができます。これはレッスン1/4です。

「APIのバージョニング戦略」レッスンにはどのくらい時間がかかりますか？

ほとんどのCoddyKitレッスンは約5～10分かかります。各レッスンはコンパクトでインタラクティブなので、着実に進歩し、ウェブとアプリ全体で正確に前回の場所から再開できます。

このGraphQL APIs with Spring Bootレッスンでコードを書いて実行できますか？

はい。すべてのGraphQL APIs with Spring Bootレッスンに組み込みコードエディタが含まれているため、ブラウザでリアルコードを書いて実行し、即座のAIフィードバックを取得できます。ローカル設定は不要です。

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