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Electron Desktop App Development · レッスン

画面キャプチャとメディア

画面キャプチャ機能やメディアデバイスにアクセスし、それらをElectronデスクトップアプリケーションに統合する方法を学びます。

「画面キャプチャとメディア」はCoddyKit上の無料Electron Desktop App Developmentレッスンです。 これはレッスン3/4です。 下記で完全なレッスンを無料で読むことができます。その後、ブラウザ内の組み込みコードエディタと24時間対応のAIチューターでハンズオン演習できます。 これはElectron Desktop App Development学習パスの一部であり、ウェブとCoddyKitアプリ全体で進捗が同期されます。 Electron Desktop App Developmentコースには全4レッスンが含まれています。

このレッスンの一部はまだ翻訳されておらず、英語で表示されています。

Accessing Camera & Screen

Electron lets your desktop app use native features like cameras, microphones, and even capture the screen. This opens up possibilities for video calls, screen recording, and more!

We'll explore how to list available devices, display live camera feeds, and capture your desktop or specific windows.

Discovering Your Devices

Before using a camera or microphone, you can discover what's available on the user's system. The navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices() method provides a list of all connected media input and output devices.

Run this code to see your devices. You might need to grant permission to access devices.

const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron');

function createWindow() {
  const win = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 600,
    height: 450,
    webPreferences: {
      nodeIntegration: true,
      contextIsolation: false // Simplifies example for A1. Use preload scripts for security in real apps.
    }
  });

  const htmlContent = `
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Media Devices</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Available Media Devices</h1>
        <ul id="device-list"></ul>

        <script>
            async function getMediaDevices() {
                try {
                    const devices = await navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices();
                    const list = document.getElementById('device-list');
                    if (devices.length === 0) {
                        list.innerHTML = '<li>No media devices found or permission denied.</li>';
                        return;
                    }
                    devices.forEach(device => {
                        const li = document.createElement('li');
                        li.textContent = `Kind: ${device.kind}, Label: ${device.label || 'Unknown'}`; 
                        list.appendChild(li);
                    });
                } catch (err) {
                    console.error('Error listing devices:', err);
                    document.getElementById('device-list').innerHTML = `<li>Error: ${err.message}</li>`;
                }
            }
            getMediaDevices();
        </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  `;
  win.loadURL(`data:text/html;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(htmlContent)}`);
}

app.whenReady().then(createWindow);
app.on('window-all-closed', () => app.quit());
app.on('activate', () => {
  if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow();
});

Displaying Camera Stream

To display a live camera feed, we use navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia(). This method requests access to a media input device (like a camera) and, if granted, provides a MediaStream.

This stream can then be displayed in a <video> element. Try running this example:

const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron');

function createWindow() {
  const win = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 600,
    height: 450,
    webPreferences: {
      nodeIntegration: true,
      contextIsolation: false // Simplifies example for A1. Use preload scripts for security in real apps.
    }
  });

  const htmlContent = `
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Camera Stream</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>My Camera Feed</h1>
        <video id="camera-feed" autoplay style="width:100%; height:auto;"></video>
        <p id="status"></p>

        <script>
            async function startCamera() {
                const video = document.getElementById('camera-feed');
                const status = document.getElementById('status');
                try {
                    const stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
                        video: true // Request video access
                    });
                    video.srcObject = stream;
                    status.textContent = 'Camera feed active.';
                } catch (err) {
                    console.error('Error accessing camera:', err);
                    status.textContent = `Error: ${err.message}. Please grant camera permission.`;
                }
            }
            startCamera();
        </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  `;
  win.loadURL(`data:text/html;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(htmlContent)}`);
}

app.whenReady().then(createWindow);
app.on('window-all-closed', () => app.quit());
app.on('activate', () => {
  if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow();
});

User Permissions & Errors

Accessing media devices like cameras and microphones requires explicit user permission. When getUserMedia() is called, the operating system will typically prompt the user for consent.

  • Your application should always be ready to handle cases where the user grants or denies permission.
  • Catching errors from getUserMedia() (e.g., NotAllowedError) helps you inform the user about permission issues.

Understanding DesktopCapturer

Electron provides the desktopCapturer module, a powerful tool that allows your app to capture video and audio from the entire screen, specific windows, or individual displays.

This is essential for building features like screen sharing, screen recording, or even taking screenshots of other applications running on the user's desktop.

Getting Screen Sources

To capture a screen or window, you first need to get a list of available sources. desktopCapturer.getSources() provides these, including their IDs, names, and even thumbnails.

This method is available in the renderer process (but usually exposed via a preload script for security). For simplicity in this lesson, we'll access it directly.

const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron');

function createWindow() {
  const win = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 600,
    height: 450,
    webPreferences: {
      nodeIntegration: true, // Required for desktopCapturer
      contextIsolation: false // Simplifies example for A1. Use preload scripts for security in real apps.
    }
  });

  const htmlContent = `
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Screen Sources</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Available Screen Sources</h1>
        <ul id="source-list"></ul>

        <script>
            const { desktopCapturer } = require('electron'); // Access desktopCapturer

            async function getScreenSources() {
                const list = document.getElementById('source-list');
                try {
                    const sources = await desktopCapturer.getSources({
                        types: ['window', 'screen']
                    });

                    if (sources.length === 0) {
                        list.innerHTML = '<li>No screen or window sources found.</li>';
                        return;
                    }

                    sources.forEach(source => {
                        const li = document.createElement('li');
                        li.textContent = `ID: ${source.id}, Name: ${source.name}`; 
                        if (source.thumbnail) {
                            const img = document.createElement('img');
                            img.src = source.thumbnail.toDataURL();
                            img.style.maxWidth = '100px';
                            img.style.marginLeft = '10px';
                            li.appendChild(img);
                        }
                        list.appendChild(li);
                    });
                } catch (err) {
                    console.error('Error getting sources:', err);
                    list.innerHTML = `<li>Error: ${err.message}</li>`;
                }
            }
            getScreenSources();
        </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  `;
  win.loadURL(`data:text/html;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(htmlContent)}`);
}

app.whenReady().then(createWindow);
app.on('window-all-closed', () => app.quit());
app.on('activate', () => {
  if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow();
});

Displaying a Screen Stream

Once you have a source ID (e.g., from a specific display or window), you can use navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia() again. This time, you pass a chromeMediaSource constraint with the desktopCapturer source ID.

This will capture the chosen screen/window and display it in a <video> element, similar to a camera feed.

const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron');

function createWindow() {
  const win = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 600,
    height: 450,
    webPreferences: {
      nodeIntegration: true, // Required for desktopCapturer
      contextIsolation: false // Simplifies example for A1. Use preload scripts for security in real apps.
    }
  });

  const htmlContent = `
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Screen Capture</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Screen Capture Demo</h1>
        <button id="start-capture">Start Screen Capture</button>
        <video id="screen-feed" autoplay style="width:100%; height:auto;"></video>
        <p id="status"></p>

        <script>
            const { desktopCapturer } = require('electron');

            document.getElementById('start-capture').addEventListener('click', async () => {
                const video = document.getElementById('screen-feed');
                const status = document.getElementById('status');
                status.textContent = 'Searching for sources...';

                try {
                    const sources = await desktopCapturer.getSources({
                        types: ['screen'], // Only screens for simplicity
                        thumbnailSize: { width: 1, height: 1 } // No large thumbnails needed
                    });

                    if (sources.length === 0) {
                        status.textContent = 'No screen sources found.';
                        return;
                    }

                    // Take the first screen found
                    const screenSource = sources[0]; 
                    status.textContent = `Capturing: ${screenSource.name}`;

                    const stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
                        audio: false, // Can be true for audio
                        video: {
                            mandatory: {
                                chromeMediaSource: 'desktop',
                                chromeMediaSourceId: screenSource.id,
                                minWidth: 1280, minHeight: 720,
                                maxWidth: 1920, maxHeight: 1080
                            }
                        }
                    });
                    video.srcObject = stream;
                    status.textContent = 'Screen capture active.';

                } catch (err) {
                    console.error('Error capturing screen:', err);
                    status.textContent = `Error: ${err.message}.`;
                }
            });
        </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  `;
  win.loadURL(`data:text/html;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(htmlContent)}`);
}

app.whenReady().then(createWindow);
app.on('window-all-closed', () => app.quit());
app.on('activate', () => {
  if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow();
});

Basic Media Recording

After getting a MediaStream (from a camera or screen), you can record it using the browser's MediaRecorder API. This lets you save the stream as a video or audio file.

The MediaRecorder takes the stream and collects data chunks, which can then be combined into a Blob (e.g., a video file).

const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron');

function createWindow() {
  const win = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 600,
    height: 450,
    webPreferences: {
      nodeIntegration: true,
      contextIsolation: false // Simplifies example for A1. Use preload scripts for security in real apps.
    }
  });

  const htmlContent = `
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <title>Media Recorder</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Simple Recorder</h1>
        <button id="start-cam">Start Camera</button>
        <button id="start-rec" disabled>Record</button>
        <button id="stop-rec" disabled>Stop</button>
        <video id="live-feed" autoplay muted style="width:100%; height:auto;"></video>
        <a id="download-link" style="display:none;">Download Recording</a>
        <p id="status"></p>

        <script>
            const startCamBtn = document.getElementById('start-cam');
            const startRecBtn = document.getElementById('start-rec');
            const stopRecBtn = document.getElementById('stop-rec');
            const downloadLink = document.getElementById('download-link');
            const liveFeed = document.getElementById('live-feed');
            const status = document.getElementById('status');

            let mediaRecorder;
            let recordedChunks = [];
            let currentStream;

            startCamBtn.addEventListener('click', async () => {
                try {
                    currentStream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ video: true, audio: true });
                    liveFeed.srcObject = currentStream;
                    startRecBtn.disabled = false;
                    startCamBtn.disabled = true;
                    status.textContent = 'Camera ready. Click Record.';
                } catch (err) {
                    status.textContent = `Error: ${err.message}`;
                    console.error('Error starting camera:', err);
                }
            });

            startRecBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
                recordedChunks = [];
                mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder(currentStream);
                mediaRecorder.ondataavailable = event => {
                    if (event.data.size > 0) {
                        recordedChunks.push(event.data);
                    }
                };
                mediaRecorder.onstop = () => {
                    const blob = new Blob(recordedChunks, { type: 'video/webm' });
                    const url = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
                    downloadLink.href = url;
                    downloadLink.download = 'electron-recording.webm';
                    downloadLink.style.display = 'block';
                    status.textContent = 'Recording stopped. Download available.';
                };
                mediaRecorder.start();
                startRecBtn.disabled = true;
                stopRecBtn.disabled = false;
                status.textContent = 'Recording...';
            });

            stopRecBtn.addEventListener('click', () => {
                mediaRecorder.stop();
                startRecBtn.disabled = false;
                stopRecBtn.disabled = true;
            });
        </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  `;
  win.loadURL(`data:text/html;charset=utf-8,${encodeURIComponent(htmlContent)}`);
}

app.whenReady().then(createWindow);
app.on('window-all-closed', () => app.quit());
app.on('activate', () => {
  if (BrowserWindow.getAllWindows().length === 0) createWindow();
});

Security Best Practices

When working with native media, always prioritize security. Granting access to cameras, microphones, or screen capture can be sensitive.

  • Request Permissions Wisely: Only ask for permissions when absolutely necessary for your app's functionality.
  • Inform Users: Clearly explain why your app needs access to these native features.
  • Context Isolation & Preload Scripts: For real-world applications, use contextIsolation: true and expose desktopCapturer securely via a preload script. This prevents malicious scripts in the renderer from accessing Node.js APIs directly.

Quick Check: Native Media

Which of the following statements are true regarding accessing native media and screen capture in Electron?

Recap: Native Media

Great job! In this lesson, we explored how Electron applications can interact with native media features:

  • We learned to use navigator.mediaDevices.enumerateDevices() to list available cameras and microphones.
  • We accessed live camera feeds with navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia().
  • We discovered the desktopCapturer module for listing and capturing screen or window content.
  • We briefly touched upon using MediaRecorder to save captured media streams.
  • Finally, we highlighted the importance of user permissions and security best practices when handling sensitive native features.

These tools empower you to build rich, interactive desktop applications with powerful media capabilities!

よくある質問

「画面キャプチャとメディア」レッスンは無料ですか？

はい。「画面キャプチャとメディア」の完全なテキストはこのウェブで無料で読めます。インタラクティブに演習し（組み込みコードエディタと24時間対応のAIチューター）、Electron Desktop App Developmentコースの残りをアンロックするには、CoddyKit PROにアップグレードしてください。 Electron Desktop App Developmentコースには全4レッスンが含まれています。

「画面キャプチャとメディア」で何を学びますか？

画面キャプチャ機能やメディアデバイスにアクセスし、それらをElectronデスクトップアプリケーションに統合する方法を学びます。 ブラウザで直接実行するハンズオンコードでElectron Desktop App Developmentを演習し、24時間対応のAIチューターがレッスンを進める中での質問に答えます。

Electron Desktop App Developmentを始めるのに経験は必要ですか？

事前経験は必要ありません。CoddyKitのElectron Desktop App Developmentは初級者から上級者向けに構成されているため、ここから始めるか最初から始めて、自分のペースで進むことができます。 これはレッスン3/4です。

「画面キャプチャとメディア」レッスンにはどのくらい時間がかかりますか？

ほとんどのCoddyKitレッスンは約5～10分かかります。各レッスンはコンパクトでインタラクティブなので、着実に進歩し、ウェブとアプリ全体で正確に前回の場所から再開できます。

このElectron Desktop App Developmentレッスンでコードを書いて実行できますか？

はい。すべてのElectron Desktop App Developmentレッスンに組み込みコードエディタが含まれているため、ブラウザでリアルコードを書いて実行し、即座のAIフィードバックを取得できます。ローカル設定は不要です。

このコースのすべてのレッスン

  1. ネイティブモジュールの利用
  2. トレイアプリケーションとバッジ
  3. 画面キャプチャとメディア
  4. 電源とハードウェアの監視
← Electron Desktop App Developmentに戻る