マルチリージョンのアクティブ-アクティブとアクティブ-パッシブ

マルチリージョンアーキテクチャが必要な理由

アクティブ／パッシブ：ウォームスタンバイパターン

# Route 53 failover routing configuration
# Primary record: us-east-1 ALB (primary)
# Secondary record: us-west-2 ALB (failover)

aws route53 change-resource-record-sets \
  --hosted-zone-id Z123 \
  --change-batch '{
    "Changes": [{
      "Action": "CREATE",
      "ResourceRecordSet": {
        "Name": "app.example.com",
        "Type": "A",
        "Failover": "PRIMARY",
        "HealthCheckId": "hc-primary"
      }
    }]
  }'

アクティブ／アクティブ：両方のリージョンでトラフィックを処理

# Route 53 latency-based routing for active-active
aws route53 change-resource-record-sets \
  --hosted-zone-id Z123 \
  --change-batch '{
    "Changes": [
      {
        "Action": "CREATE",
        "ResourceRecordSet": {
          "Name": "app.example.com",
          "Type": "A",
          "Region": "us-east-1",
          "SetIdentifier": "us-east-1",
          "HealthCheckId": "hc-use1",
          "AliasTarget": {"DNSName": "alb-use1.amazonaws.com"}
        }
      }
    ]
  }'

リージョン間のデータレプリケーション

# Enable S3 Cross-Region Replication
aws s3api put-bucket-replication \
  --bucket source-bucket-us-east-1 \
  --replication-configuration '{
    "Role": "arn:aws:iam::123:role/replication-role",
    "Rules": [{
      "Status": "Enabled",
      "Destination": {
        "Bucket": "arn:aws:s3:::dest-bucket-us-west-2"
      }
    }]
  }'

アクティブ／アクティブのための DynamoDB Global Tables

# Create DynamoDB Global Table
aws dynamodb create-global-table \
  --global-table-name UserProfiles \
  --replication-group \
    RegionName=us-east-1 \
    RegionName=eu-west-1 \
    RegionName=ap-southeast-1

# Applications in each region write to local DynamoDB
# Replication is automatic and bi-directional

Aurora Global Database

# Create Aurora Global Database
aws rds create-global-cluster \
  --global-cluster-identifier my-global-db \
  --engine aurora-postgresql \
  --engine-version 14.5

# Add secondary region
aws rds create-db-cluster \
  --db-cluster-identifier secondary-cluster \
  --global-cluster-identifier my-global-db \
  --engine aurora-postgresql \
  --region eu-west-1

フェイルオーバーのための Route 53 ヘルスチェック

# Create Route 53 health check
aws route53 create-health-check \
  --caller-reference unique-ref-001 \
  --health-check-config '{
    "Type": "HTTPS",
    "FullyQualifiedDomainName": "app.us-east-1.example.com",
    "Port": 443,
    "ResourcePath": "/health",
    "RequestInterval": 30,
    "FailureThreshold": 3
  }'

アクティブ／アクティブのための Global Accelerator

# Create Global Accelerator
aws globalaccelerator create-accelerator \
  --name my-accelerator \
  --ip-address-type IPV4

# Add endpoints in multiple regions
aws globalaccelerator create-endpoint-group \
  --listener-arn arn:aws:globalaccelerator::123:accelerator/xxx/listener/yyy \
  --endpoint-group-region us-east-1 \
  --endpoint-configurations EndpointId=alb-us-east-1-arn,Weight=100

アクティブ／アクティブにおける競合解決

# DynamoDB conditional write to prevent conflicts
aws dynamodb update-item \
  --table-name Orders \
  --key '{"orderId":{"S":"ord-123"}}' \
  --update-expression 'SET #s = :newStatus' \
  --condition-expression '#v = :expectedVersion' \
  --expression-attribute-names '{"#s":"status","#v":"version"}' \
  --expression-attribute-values '{":newStatus":{"S":"shipped"},":expectedVersion":{"N":"1"}}'

コストと運用の複雑さ

# Key costs in multi-region architecture:
# - EC2/RDS in each region: full compute costs
# - Cross-region data transfer: ~$0.02/GB
# - Route 53 health checks: ~$0.50/check/month
# - Global Accelerator: $0.025/hour + data transfer
# - DynamoDB Global Table replication: per-write charges per region
# - Aurora Global Database: storage replicated to all regions

適切なマルチリージョンパターンの選択

# Decision matrix:
# RTO > 1 hour, RPO > 1 hour:  Backup & Restore
# RTO ~minutes, RPO ~minutes:   Active-Passive (Warm Standby)
# RTO < 1 minute, RPO ~0:       Active-Active

# Key services for each:
# Backup & Restore: AWS Backup + S3 CRR
# Active-Passive:   Aurora Global DB + Route 53 failover
# Active-Active:    DynamoDB Global Tables + Global Accelerator

クイックチェック

レッスンのまとめ