Azure Functions のトリガーとバインド

Azure Functions とは

トリガー：関数を開始するもの

// HTTP trigger function (JavaScript/Node.js)
module.exports = async function (context, req) {
  const name = req.query.name || (req.body && req.body.name);
  const message = name ? 'Hello, ' + name : 'Pass a name in the query or body';
  context.res = {
    status: 200,
    body: { message }
  };
};

Function.json：トリガーとバインディングの構成

// function.json — HTTP trigger + Queue output binding
{
  'bindings': [
    {
      'authLevel': 'function',
      'type': 'httpTrigger',
      'direction': 'in',
      'name': 'req',
      'methods': ['post']
    },
    {
      'type': 'http',
      'direction': 'out',
      'name': 'res'
    },
    {
      'type': 'queue',
      'direction': 'out',
      'name': 'outputQueue',
      'queueName': 'processing-queue',
      'connection': 'AzureWebJobsStorage'
    }
  ]
}

出力バインディング：サービスへの書き込み

// HTTP trigger with Queue output binding (Node.js)
module.exports = async function (context, req) {
  const orderData = req.body;

  // Write to queue via output binding -- no SDK needed!
  context.bindings.outputQueue = JSON.stringify({
    orderId: orderData.id,
    timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
  });

  context.res = { status: 202, body: 'Order queued' };
};

CRON 式を使用したタイマートリガー

// Timer trigger — runs every day at 02:00 UTC
// function.json binding:
// {
//   'type': 'timerTrigger',
//   'schedule': '0 0 2 * * *',
//   'name': 'myTimer'
// }

module.exports = async function (context, myTimer) {
  const now = new Date().toISOString();
  context.log('Daily cleanup started at', now);
  // ... perform cleanup logic ...
  context.log('Cleanup completed');
};

Consumption プラン：サーバーレス スケーリング

# View billing details for a function app
az functionapp show \
  --name myFunctionApp \
  --resource-group MyRG \
  --query '{name:name, plan:serverFarmId, state:state}'

# Create a Function App on Consumption plan
az functionapp create \
  --name myFunctionApp \
  --resource-group MyRG \
  --consumption-plan-location eastus \
  --runtime node \
  --runtime-version 18 \
  --storage-account mystorageaccount

Premium プランと Dedicated プラン

# Create a Function App on Premium plan (EP1)
az functionapp plan create \
  --name MyPremiumPlan \
  --resource-group MyRG \
  --location eastus \
  --sku EP1 \
  --is-linux

az functionapp create \
  --name myFunctionAppPremium \
  --resource-group MyRG \
  --plan MyPremiumPlan \
  --runtime python \
  --runtime-version 3.11 \
  --storage-account mystorageaccount

Azure Functions のデプロイ

# Local development: install Core Tools
npm install -g azure-functions-core-tools@4

# Start locally (triggers work against real Azure services)
func start

# Deploy to Azure
func azure functionapp publish myFunctionApp

# Or deploy via Azure CLI (ZIP deploy)
zip -r function.zip . --exclude '.git/*'
az functionapp deployment source config-zip \
  --name myFunctionApp \
  --resource-group MyRG \
  --src function.zip

アプリケーション設定と Key Vault 参照

# Set application settings
az functionapp config appsettings set \
  --name myFunctionApp \
  --resource-group MyRG \
  --settings \
    STORAGE_CONNECTION='@Microsoft.KeyVault(SecretUri=https://mykv.vault.azure.net/secrets/storage-conn/)' \
    COSMOS_DB_URI='https://mycosmosdb.documents.azure.com'

# In function code, read as normal env var
# const storageConn = process.env['STORAGE_CONNECTION'];

Application Insights による Functions の監視

# Connect Application Insights to a Function App
az functionapp config appsettings set \
  --name myFunctionApp \
  --resource-group MyRG \
  --settings \
    APPLICATIONINSIGHTS_CONNECTION_STRING='InstrumentationKey=xxxxxxxx;...'

# Custom telemetry in function code (Node.js)
const appInsights = require('applicationinsights');
appInsights.setup().start();
const client = appInsights.defaultClient;
client.trackEvent({ name: 'OrderProcessed', properties: { orderId: '123' } });

同時実行とスケーリングの動作

// host.json — tune queue trigger concurrency
{
  'version': '2.0',
  'extensions': {
    'queues': {
      'batchSize': 16,          // messages per instance
      'newBatchThreshold': 8,   // fetch more when < 8 remain
      'maxPollingInterval': '00:00:02',
      'visibilityTimeout': '00:05:00'
    }
  },
  'functionTimeout': '00:10:00'
}

クイックチェック

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