拡張メソッドの解決

コンパイラーが拡張メソッドを見つける仕組み

using ディレクティブで拡張メソッドをスコープに取り込む

using System;
using MyHelpers; // brings StringExtensions into scope

namespace MyHelpers
{
    public static class StringExtensions
    {
        public static string Reverse(this string s)
        {
            var arr = s.ToCharArray();
            Array.Reverse(arr);
            return new string(arr);
        }
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("hello".Reverse());
    }
}

インスタンスメソッドが最初に確認される

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class ListExt
{
    // Ignored: List<int> already has Add(int)
    public static void Add(this List<int> list, int a, int b)
        => list.Add(a + b);
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var list = new List<int>();
        list.Add(5); // the built-in instance Add wins for this signature
        Console.WriteLine(list[0]);
    }
}

より近い名前空間が優先される

using System;

namespace Outer
{
    public static class A { public static string Tag(this int n) => "A" + n; }

    namespace Inner
    {
        public static class B { public static string Tag(this int n) => "B" + n; }

        public class Program
        {
            public static void Main()
            {
                // B is in the nearer (Inner) namespace, so it is preferred
                Console.WriteLine(7.Tag());
            }
        }
    }
}

静的呼び出しで区別する

using System;

public static class FormatExt
{
    public static string Bracket(this string s) => "[" + s + "]";
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Explicit static call, no ambiguity possible
        Console.WriteLine(FormatExt.Bracket("x"));
    }
}

拡張メソッド間のオーバーロード解決

using System;

public static class PrintExt
{
    public static string Describe(this int n) => "int:" + n;
    public static string Describe(this string s) => "str:" + s;
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine(42.Describe());
        Console.WriteLine("hi".Describe());
    }
}

解決時のジェネリック型推論

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

public static class SeqExt
{
    public static T FirstItem<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source)
    {
        foreach (var item in source) return item;
        throw new InvalidOperationException("empty");
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        var nums = new List<int> { 5, 6, 7 };
        // T inferred as int from the List<int> receiver
        Console.WriteLine(nums.FirstItem());
    }
}

global using と暗黙のインポート

using System;

// In a real project a separate file might say: global using MyHelpers;
namespace MyHelpers
{
    public static class IntExt { public static int Twice(this int n) => n * 2; }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Works here because MyHelpers is referenced explicitly
        Console.WriteLine(MyHelpers.IntExt.Twice(8));
    }
}

レシーバーの型が重要になる場合

using System;

public class Animal { }
public class Cat : Animal { }

public static class AnimalExt
{
    public static string Kind(this Animal a) => "animal";
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Animal a = new Cat();
        // Chosen by static type Animal
        Console.WriteLine(a.Kind());
    }
}

解決のメンタルモデル

using System;

public static class Ext
{
    public static string Wrap(this string s) => "<" + s + ">";
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // No instance Wrap exists, so the extension is used
        Console.WriteLine("node".Wrap());
    }
}

自分で試す

using System;
using Text.Helpers;

namespace Text.Helpers
{
    public static class StringExtensions
    {
        public static int Vowels(this string s)
        {
            int count = 0;
            foreach (var c in s.ToLower())
                if ("aeiou".IndexOf(c) >= 0) count++;
            return count;
        }
    }
}

public class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        Console.WriteLine("education".Vowels());
        Console.WriteLine(Text.Helpers.StringExtensions.Vowels("education"));
    }
}

クイックチェック

まとめ