Lettura del contenuto dei file

Leggere un file intero

local f = io.open("config.txt", "r")
if f then
  local content = f:read("a")
  f:close()
  print("Size:", #content, "bytes")
  print(content)
end

Leggere riga per riga

local f = io.open("data.txt", "r")
if f then
  local line = f:read("l")
  while line ~= nil do
    print(line)
    line = f:read("l")
  end
  f:close()
end

-- Equivalent with for loop:
-- for line in io.lines("data.txt") do print(line) end

Leggere un numero fisso di byte

local f = io.open("binary.dat", "rb")
if f then
  -- Read 4-byte header
  local header = f:read(4)
  if header then
    print("Header bytes:", #header)
    for i = 1, #header do
      io.write(string.format("%02X ", header:byte(i)))
    end
    print()
  end
  f:close()
end

Leggere un numero

-- File contains: "10 20 30.5 40"
local f = io.open("nums.txt", "r")
if f then
  local total = 0
  local n = f:read("n")
  while n do
    total = total + n
    n = f:read("n")
  end
  f:close()
  print("Sum:", total)
end

Spostarsi all'interno dei file

local f = io.open("test.txt", "r")
if f then
  -- Jump to end, get file size
  local size = f:seek("end")
  print("File size:", size, "bytes")
  
  -- Seek back to start
  f:seek("set", 0)
  local first_line = f:read("l")
  print("First line:", first_line)
  f:close()
end

Leggere file CSV

local function parseCSV(path)
  local rows = {}
  for line in io.lines(path) do
    local row = {}
    for field in string.gmatch(line, "([^,]+)") do
      row[#row+1] = field
    end
    rows[#rows+1] = row
  end
  return rows
end

-- Example: "Alice,30,Engineer"
-- => {{"Alice","30","Engineer"}}

Leggere file di configurazione

local function loadConfig(path)
  local cfg = {}
  for line in io.lines(path) do
    -- Skip comments and blank lines
    if not line:match("^%s*#") and line:match("%S") then
      local k, v = line:match("^%s*(%w+)%s*=%s*(.-)%s*$")
      if k then cfg[k] = v end
    end
  end
  return cfg
end

local config = loadConfig("app.conf")
print(config.host, config.port)

Lettura a blocchi

local function processLarge(path, chunkSize)
  chunkSize = chunkSize or 4096
  local f, err = io.open(path, "rb")
  if not f then return nil, err end
  local totalBytes = 0
  local chunk = f:read(chunkSize)
  while chunk do
    totalBytes = totalBytes + #chunk
    -- process chunk here
    chunk = f:read(chunkSize)
  end
  f:close()
  return totalBytes
end

Leggere più valori per riga

-- File: "Alice 95 A\nBob 87 B"
local results = {}
for line in io.lines("grades.txt") do
  local name, score, grade = line:match("(%S+)%s+(%d+)%s+(%S+)")
  if name then
    results[#results+1] = {
      name=name,
      score=tonumber(score),
      grade=grade
    }
  end
end

for _, r in ipairs(results) do
  print(r.name, r.score, r.grade)
end

Scorciatoia io.lines

-- Count non-empty lines
local count = 0
for line in io.lines("data.txt") do
  if line:match("%S") then
    count = count + 1
  end
end
print("Non-empty lines:", count)

-- Collect all lines into a table
local lines = {}
for line in io.lines("data.txt") do
  lines[#lines+1] = line
end
print("Total lines:", #lines)

Verifica rapida

Riepilogo: lettura dei file